disjunctive subset
1Surreal number — In mathematics, the surreal number system is an arithmetic continuum containing the real numbers as well as infinite and infinitesimal numbers, respectively larger or smaller in absolute value than any positive real number. The surreals share… …
2Stable model semantics — The concept of a stable model, or answer set, is used to define a declarative semantics for logic programs with negation as failure. This is one of several standard approaches to the meaning of negation in logic programming, along with program… …
3Paraconsistent logic — A paraconsistent logic is a logical system that attempts to deal with contradictions in a discriminating way. Alternatively, paraconsistent logic is the subfield of logic that is concerned with studying and developing paraconsistent (or… …
4Propositional calculus — In mathematical logic, a propositional calculus or logic (also called sentential calculus or sentential logic) is a formal system in which formulas of a formal language may be interpreted as representing propositions. A system of inference rules… …
5Boolean algebra (logic) — For other uses, see Boolean algebra (disambiguation). Boolean algebra (or Boolean logic) is a logical calculus of truth values, developed by George Boole in the 1840s. It resembles the algebra of real numbers, but with the numeric operations of… …
6Admissible rule — In logic, a rule of inference is admissible in a formal system if the set of theorems of the system is closed under the rule. The concept of an admissible rule was introduced by Paul Lorenzen (1955).DefinitionsThe concept of admissibility, as… …
7Boolean algebra — This article discusses the subject referred to as Boolean algebra. For the mathematical objects, see Boolean algebra (structure). Boolean algebra, as developed in 1854 by George Boole in his book An Investigation of the Laws of Thought,[1] is a… …
8List of philosophy topics (D-H) — DDaDai Zhen Pierre d Ailly Jean Le Rond d Alembert John Damascene Damascius John of Damascus Peter Damian Danish philosophy Dante Alighieri Arthur Danto Arthur C. Danto Arthur Coleman Danto dao Daodejing Daoism Daoist philosophy Charles Darwin… …
9Description logic — (DL) is a family of formal knowledge representation languages. It is more expressive than propositional logic but has more efficient decision problems than first order predicate logic. DL is used in artificial intelligence for formal reasoning on …
10List of NP-complete problems — Here are some of the more commonly known problems that are NP complete when expressed as decision problems. This list is in no way comprehensive (there are more than 3000 known NP complete problems). Most of the problems in this list are taken… …
