direct exchange coupling
1Exchange interaction — In physics, the exchange interaction is a quantum mechanical effect without classical analog which increases or decreases the expectation value of the energy or distance between two or more identical particles when their wave functions overlap.… …
2Exchange Bias — Als Exchange Bias (EB) bezeichnet man eine unidirektionale Anisotropie (deshalb auch unidirectional exchange anisotropy genannt), die durch die Kopplung zwischen einem Ferro und einem Antiferromagneten entsteht. Der Exchange Bias bewirkt eine… …
3J-coupling — (also called indirect dipole dipole coupling ) is the coupling between two nuclear spins due to the influence of bonding electrons on the magnetic field running between the two nuclei. J coupling contains information about dihedral angles which… …
4High-voltage direct current — HVDC or high voltage, direct current electric power transmission systems contrast with the more common alternating current systems as a means for the bulk transmission of electrical power. The modern form of HVDC transmission uses technology… …
5Geothermal heat pump — A geothermal heat pump system is a heating and/or an air conditioning system that uses the Earth s ability to store heat in the ground and water thermal masses. These systems operate based on the stability of underground temperatures: the ground… …
6GaMnAs — Gallium manganese arsenide (abbreviated GaMnAs, or (Ga,Mn)As, or Ga1 xMnxAs) is a dilute III V magnetic semiconductor based on doping gallium arsenide (GaAs) with manganese (Mn). Manganese atoms are substituted for gallium, creating both a local… …
7Inner sphere electron transfer — Inner sphere or bonded electron transfer[1] proceeds via a covalent linkage between the two redox partners, the oxidant and the reductant. In Inner Sphere (IS) electron transfer (ET), a ligand bridges the two metal redox centers during the… …
8Chiral Photonics — Chiral Photonics, Inc. is a photonics company based in Pine Brook, New Jersey, founded in 1999. The company is developing a new class of optical devices based on twisting glass optical fibers. These in fiber devices aim to displace discrete… …
9cell — cell1 cell like, adj. /sel/, n. 1. a small room, as in a convent or prison. 2. any of various small compartments or bounded areas forming part of a whole. 3. a small group acting as a unit within a larger organization: a local cell of the… …
10Mathematics and Physical Sciences — ▪ 2003 Introduction Mathematics Mathematics in 2002 was marked by two discoveries in number theory. The first may have practical implications; the second satisfied a 150 year old curiosity. Computer scientist Manindra Agrawal of the… …
