detection of single molecules
61star — starless, adj. /stahr/, n., adj., v., starred, starring. n. 1. any of the heavenly bodies, except the moon, appearing as fixed luminous points in the sky at night. 2. Astron. any of the large, self luminous, heavenly bodies, as the sun, Polaris,… …
62Nucleic acid structure determination — This article is about the experimental determination of nucleic acid structure. For computational methods, see Nucleic acid structure prediction. Structure probing of nucleic acids is the process by which biochemical techniques are used to… …
63Virus — This article is about the biological agent. For other uses, see Virus (disambiguation). For a generally accessible and less technical introduction to the topic, see Introduction to viruses. Viruses …
64High-performance liquid chromatography — An HPLC. From left to right: A pumping device generating a gradient of two different solvents, a steel enforced column and an apparatus for measuring the absorbance. Acronym HPLC Classification Chromatography …
65Gene expression — For vocabulary, see Glossary of gene expression terms. For a non technical introduction to the topic, see Introduction to genetics. Genes are expressed by being transcribed into RNA, and this transcript may then be translated into protein. Gene… …
66Biochip — The development of biochips is a major thrust of the rapidly growing biotechnology industry, which encompasses a very diverse range ofresearch efforts including genomics, proteomics, computational biology, and pharmaceuticals, among other… …
67Digital polymerase chain reaction — (digital PCR, DigitalPCR, dPCR, or dePCR) is a refinement of conventional polymerase chain reaction methods that can be used to directly quantify and clonally amplify nucleic acids including DNA, cDNA or RNA. The key difference between dPCR and… …
68extraterrestrial life — Introduction life that may exist or may have existed in the universe outside of Earth. The search for extraterrestrial life encompasses many fundamental scientific questions. What are the basic requirements for life? Could life have arisen… …
69Fluorescence — Fluorescent minerals emit visible light when exposed to ultraviolet light Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation of a different wavelength.[1] It is a form of luminescence.… …
70astronomy — /euh stron euh mee/, n. the science that deals with the material universe beyond the earth s atmosphere. [1175 1225; ME astronomie ( < AF) < L astronomia < Gk. See ASTRO , NOMY] * * * I Science dealing with the origin, evolution, composition,… …
