detection of single molecules
41Nobel Prizes — ▪ 2009 Introduction Prize for Peace The 2008 Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to Martti Ahtisaari, former president (1994–2000) of Finland, for his work over more than 30 years in settling international disputes, many involving ethnic,… …
42Life Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Zoology In 2008 several zoological studies provided new insights into how species life history traits (such as the timing of reproduction or the length of life of adult individuals) are derived in part as responses to… …
43cosmos — /koz meuhs, mohs/, n., pl. cosmos, cosmoses for 2, 4. 1. the world or universe regarded as an orderly, harmonious system. 2. a complete, orderly, harmonious system. 3. order; harmony. 4. any composite plant of the genus Cosmos, of tropical… …
44DNA sequencing — Part of a series on Genetics Key components Chromosome DNA • RNA Genome Heredity Mutation Nucleotide Variation …
45Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy — (2D NMR) is a set of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) methods which give data plotted in a space defined by two frequency axes rather than one. Types of 2D NMR include correlation spectroscopy (COSY), J spectroscopy, exchange… …
46chromatography — chromatographer, n. chromatographic /kreuh mat euh graf ik, kroh meuh teuh /, adj. chromatographically, adv. /kroh meuh tog reuh fee/, n. Chem. the separation of mixtures into their constituents by preferential adsorption by a solid, as a column… …
47chemoreception — chemoreceptive /kee moh ri sep tiv, kem oh /, adj. /kee moh ri sep sheuhn, kem oh /, n. the physiological response to chemical stimuli. [1915 20; CHEMO + RECEPTION] * * * Sensory process by which organisms respond to external chemical stimuli, by …
48photoreception — photoreceptive, adj. /foh toh ri sep sheuhn/, n. the physiological perception of light. [1905 10; PHOTO + RECEPTION] * * * Biological responses to stimulation by light, most often referring to the mechanism of vision. In one celled organisms such …
49Nanopore — A nanopore is a small hole in an electrically insulating membrane, that can be used as a single molecule detector. It may be considered a Coulter counter for much smaller particles. It can be a biological protein channel in a high electrical… …
50Molecular Inversion Probe — (MIP)[1] belongs to the class of Capture by Circularization molecular techniques [1] for performing genomic partitioning, a process through which one captures and enriches specific regions of the genome[2]. Probes used in this technique are… …
