deductive system
51Formal interpretation — A formal interpretation [http://books.google.com/books?id=weKqT3ka5g0C pg=PA74 lpg=PA74 dq=%22Formal+interpretation%22+%22formal+language%22 source=web ots=pLN ms7Wi2 sig=P JqwdzOqLcX4nMpP64qmacnkDU hl=en#PPA74,M1 Cann Ronnie, Formal Semantics:… …
52Mathematical logic — (also known as symbolic logic) is a subfield of mathematics with close connections to foundations of mathematics, theoretical computer science and philosophical logic.[1] The field includes both the mathematical study of logic and the… …
53William of Ockham — Full name William of Ockham Born c. 1288 Ockham, England Died 1347 or 1348 Munich, Holy Roman Empire …
54Begging the question — Bust of Aristotle, whose Prior Analytics contained an early discussion of this fallacy. Begging the question (or petitio principii, assuming the initial point ) is a type of logical fallacy in which the proposition to be proven is assumed… …
55Syllogism — A syllogism (Greek: συλλογισμός – syllogismos – conclusion, inference ) is a kind of logical argument in which one proposition (the conclusion) is inferred from two or more others (the premises) of a certain form. In antiquity, there were… …
56List of fallacies — For specific popular misconceptions, see List of common misconceptions. A fallacy is incorrect argumentation in logic and rhetoric resulting in a lack of validity, or more generally, a lack of soundness. Contents 1 Formal fallacies 1.1… …
57Hindley–Milner — In type theory, Hindley–Milner (HM) (also known as Damas–Milner or Damas–Hindley–Milner) is a classical type inference method with parametric polymorphism for the lambda calculus, first described by J. Roger Hindley[1] and later rediscovered by… …
58David Hilbert — Hilbert redirects here. For other uses, see Hilbert (disambiguation). David Hilbert David Hilbert (1912) Born …
59Metatheorem — In logic, a metatheorem is a statement about a formal system proven in a metalanguage. Unlike theorems proved within a given formal system, a metatheorem is proved within a metatheory, and may reference concepts that are present in the metatheory …
60Ambiguity — Sir John Tenniel s illustration of the Caterpillar for Lewis Carroll s Alice s Adventures in Wonderland is noted for its ambiguous central figure, whose head can be viewed as being a human male s face with a pointed nose and pointy chin or being… …
