deductive system
41Philosophical analysis — (from Greek: Φιλοσοφική ανάλυση) is a general term for techniques typically used by philosophers in the analytic tradition that involve breaking down (i.e. analyzing) philosophical issues. Arguably the most prominent of these techniques is the… …
42Consistency — For other uses, see Consistency (disambiguation). In logic, a consistent theory is one that does not contain a contradiction.[1] The lack of contradiction can be defined in either semantic or syntactic terms. The semantic definition states that a …
43Metalanguage — For the programming language, see ML (programming language). Broadly, any metalanguage is language or symbols used when language itself is being discussed or examined.[1] In logic and linguistics, a metalanguage is a language used to make… …
44philosophy, Western — Introduction history of Western philosophy from its development among the ancient Greeks to the present. This article has three basic purposes: (1) to provide an overview of the history of philosophy in the West, (2) to relate… …
45Philosophy of mathematics — The philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that studies the philosophical assumptions, foundations, and implications of mathematics. The aim of the philosophy of mathematics is to provide an account of the nature and methodology of …
46Mathematical proof — In mathematics, a proof is a convincing demonstration (within the accepted standards of the field) that some mathematical statement is necessarily true.[1][2] Proofs are obtained from deductive reasoning, rather than from inductive or empirical… …
47Natural deduction — In logic and proof theory, natural deduction is a kind of proof calculus in which logical reasoning is expressed by inference rules closely related to the natural way of reasoning. This contrasts with the axiomatic systems which instead use… …
48Averroes — Ibn Rušd (ابن رشد) Averroes Statue of Averroes in Cordoba Full name ʾAbū l Walīd Muḥammad ibn ʾAḥmad ibn Rušd …
49Rhetoric — This article is about the art of rhetoric in general. For the work by Aristotle, see Rhetoric (Aristotle). Painting depicting a lecture in a knight academy, painted by Pieter Isaacsz or Reinhold Timm for Rosenborg Castle as part of a series of… …
50Fact — For other uses, see Fact (disambiguation). A fact (derived from the Latin Factum, see below) is something that has really occurred or is actually the case. The usual test for a statement of fact is verifiability, that is whether it can be shown… …
