decidable language
41Deterministic pushdown automaton — In automata theory, a pushdown automaton is a finite automaton with an additional stack of symbols; its transitions can take the top symbol on the stack and depend on its value, and they can add new top symbols to the stack. A deterministic… …
42Alternating Turing machine — In computational complexity theory, an alternating Turing machine (ATM) is a non deterministic Turing machine (NTM) with a rule for accepting computations that generalizes the rules used in the definition of the complexity classes NP and co NP.… …
43Kripke semantics — (also known as relational semantics or frame semantics, and often confused with possible world semantics) is a formal semantics for non classical logic systems created in the late 1950s and early 1960s by Saul Kripke. It was first made for modal… …
44Kernelization — In computer science, kernelization is a technique for creating algorithms for fixed parameter tractable problems. Given some language L, the input to a fixed parameter tractable problem is a pair (x, k) where x is a word from L and k is an… …
45mathematics, foundations of — Scientific inquiry into the nature of mathematical theories and the scope of mathematical methods. It began with Euclid s Elements as an inquiry into the logical and philosophical basis of mathematics in essence, whether the axioms of any system… …
46First-order logic — is a formal logical system used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science. It goes by many names, including: first order predicate calculus, the lower predicate calculus, quantification theory, and predicate logic (a less… …
47Deterministic finite-state machine — An example of a Deterministic Finite Automaton that accepts only binary numbers that are multiples of 3. The state S0 is both the start state and an accept state. In the theory of computation and automata theory, a deterministic finite state… …
48Computable function — Total recursive function redirects here. For other uses of the term recursive function , see Recursive function (disambiguation). Computable functions are the basic objects of study in computability theory. Computable functions are the formalized …
49Fuzzy logic — is a form of multi valued logic derived from fuzzy set theory to deal with reasoning that is approximate rather than precise. Just as in fuzzy set theory the set membership values can range (inclusively) between 0 and 1, in fuzzy logic the degree …
50P (complexity) — In computational complexity theory, P, also known as PTIME or DTIME(nO(1)), is one of the most fundamental complexity classes. It contains all decision problems which can be solved by a deterministic Turing machine using a polynomial amount of… …
