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31ionosphere and magnetosphere — ▪ atmospheric science Introduction regions of Earth s (Earth) atmosphere in which the number of electrically charged particles ions (ion) and electrons (electron) are large enough to affect the propagation of radio waves (electromagnetic… …
32Interstellar medium — Interstellar redirects here. For other uses, see Interstellar (disambiguation). The distribution of ionized hydrogen (known by astronomers as H II from old spectroscopic terminology) in the parts of the Galactic interstellar medium visible… …
33Degree of ionization — A plasma lamp, illustrating a low degree of ionization (i.e. a partially ionized gas) The degree of ionization refers to the proportion of neutral particles, such as those in a gas or aqueous solution, that are ionized into charged particles. A… …
34Ion trapping — The build up of a higher concentration of a drug across a cell membrane due to the pKa value of the drug and difference of pH across the cell membrane is known as ion trapping. Generally speaking, this results in basic drugs accumulating in… …
35Electron mobility — This article is about the mobility for electrons and holes in metals and semiconductors. For the general concept, see Electrical mobility. In solid state physics, the electron mobility characterizes how quickly an electron can move through a… …
36Partition coefficient — In chemistry and the pharmaceutical sciences, a partition (P) or distribution coefficient (D) is the ratio of concentrations of a compound in the two phases of a mixture of two immiscible solvents at equilibrium.[1] The terms gas/liquid partition …
37Electrothermal instability — NOTOC The electrothermal instability (also known as the ionization instability or Velikhov instability in the literature) is a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instability appearing in magnetized non thermal plasmas used in MHD converters. It was first… …
38cosmos — /koz meuhs, mohs/, n., pl. cosmos, cosmoses for 2, 4. 1. the world or universe regarded as an orderly, harmonious system. 2. a complete, orderly, harmonious system. 3. order; harmony. 4. any composite plant of the genus Cosmos, of tropical… …
39mass spectrometry — or mass spectroscopy Analytic technique by which chemical substances are identified by sorting gaseous ions by mass using electric and magnetic fields. A mass spectrometer uses electrical means to detect the sorted ions, while a mass spectrograph …
40Stellar classification — In astronomy, stellar classification is a classification of stars based on their spectral characteristics. The spectral class of a star is a designated class of a star describing the ionization of its chromosphere, what atomic excitations are… …
