current or voltage
81High voltage — The term high voltage characterizes electrical circuits, in which the voltage used is the cause of particular safety concerns and insulation requirements. High voltage is used in electrical power distribution, in cathode ray tubes, to generate X… …
82Widlar current source — A Widlar current source is a modification of the basic two transistor current mirror that incorporates an emitter degeneration resistor for only the output transistor, enabling the current source to generate low currents using only moderate… …
83Extra-low voltage — IEC voltage range AC DC defining risk High voltage (supply system) > 1000 Vrms > 1500 V electrical arcing Low voltage (supply system) 25–1000 Vrms 60–1500 V electrical shock Extra low voltage (supply system) < 25 V …
84Constant voltage speaker system — Constant voltage speaker systems refer to networks of loudspeakers which are connected to an audio amplifier using step up and step down transformers to simplify impedance calculations and to minimize power loss over the speaker cables. They are… …
85List of current systems for electric rail traction — This a list of the power supply systems that are, or have been, used for tramway and railway electrification systems. Note that the voltages are nominal and vary depending on load and distance from the substation. Many modern trams and trains use …
86High Voltage Isolation and Ground Potential Rise — This article outlines the principles of High Voltage Isolation (HVI) and Ground Potential Rise (GPR). Most often questions of concern arise to anyone associated with the use of any communication signal (analog or digital) via a metallic or fiber… …
87Threshold voltage — The threshold voltage of a MOSFET is usually defined as the gate voltage where an inversion layer forms at the interface between the insulating layer (oxide) and the substrate (body) of the transistor. The creation of this layer is described next …
88CPU core voltage — The CPU core voltage (VCORE) is the power supply voltage supplied to the CPU (which is a digital circuit), GPU, or other device containing a processing core. The amount of power a CPU uses, and thus the amount of heat it dissipates, is the… …
89Phantom voltage — (sometimes referred to as ghost voltage ) is voltage that appears in an electrical conductor such as a wire, even though the wire is disconnected from an electrical circuit. The term is often used by electricians, and might be seen, eg, when… …
90Bandgap voltage reference — A bandgap voltage reference is a voltage reference circuit widely used in integrated circuits, usually with an output voltage around 1.25 V, close to the theoretical 1.22 eV bandgap of silicon at 0 K.OperationThe voltage difference between two… …
