crystal electric field
61Measuring instrument — Captain Nemo and Professor Aronnax contemplating measuring instruments in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea …
62electromagnetic radiation — Physics. radiation consisting of electromagnetic waves, including radio waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x rays, and gamma rays. [1950 55] * * * Energy propagated through free space or through a material medium in the form of… …
63capacitor dielectric and piezoelectric ceramics — ▪ ceramics Introduction advanced industrial materials that, by virtue of their poor electrical conductivity, are useful in the production of electrical storage or generating devices. Capacitors (capacitor) are devices that store… …
64Classical and quantum conductivity — Classical and quantum mechanical views of conductivity have both described the movements of electrons in a metallic solid. The free electron gas that is present in metallic solids is the reason for an important property of all metals:… …
65Optics — For the book by Sir Isaac Newton, see Opticks. Optical redirects here. For the musical artist, see Optical (artist). Optics includes study of dispersion of light. Optics is the branch of …
66Transistor — For other uses, see Transistor (disambiguation). Assorted discrete transistors. Packages in order from top to bottom: TO 3, TO 126, TO 92, SOT 23 A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and power. It… …
67mass spectrometry — or mass spectroscopy Analytic technique by which chemical substances are identified by sorting gaseous ions by mass using electric and magnetic fields. A mass spectrometer uses electrical means to detect the sorted ions, while a mass spectrograph …
68Nobel Prizes — ▪ 2009 Introduction Prize for Peace The 2008 Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to Martti Ahtisaari, former president (1994–2000) of Finland, for his work over more than 30 years in settling international disputes, many involving ethnic,… …
69Distortion free energy density — The Distortion free energy density is a quantity that describes the distortion of a liquid crystal from its preferred state in which all of the liquid crystal molecules are aligned parallel to one common axis. It also commonly goes by the name… …
70p-n junction — A silicon p–n junction with no applied voltage. A p–n junction is formed at the boundary between a P type and N type semiconductor created in a single crystal of semiconductor by doping, for example by ion implantation, diffusion of dopants, or… …
