cosine phi
1Lambert's cosine law — See also: Lambertian reflectance In optics, Lambert s cosine law says that the radiant intensity observed from a Lambertian surface or a Lambertian radiator is directly proportional to the cosine of the angle θ between the observer s line of… …
2Classical central-force problem — In classical mechanics, the central force problem is to determine the motion of a particle under the influence of a single central force. A central force is a force that points from the particle directly towards (or directly away from) a fixed… …
3Unit vector — In mathematics, a unit vector in a normed vector space is a vector (often a spatial vector) whose length is 1 (the unit length). A unit vector is often denoted by a lowercase letter with a hat , like this: (pronounced i hat ). In Euclidean space …
4List of trigonometric identities — Cosines and sines around the unit circle …
5Rotation representation (mathematics) — In geometry a rotation representation expresses the orientation of an object (or coordinate frame) relative to a coordinate reference frame. This concept extends to classical mechanics where rotational (or angular) kinematics is the science of… …
6Euler's formula — This article is about Euler s formula in complex analysis. For Euler s formula in algebraic topology and polyhedral combinatorics see Euler characteristic.   Part of a series of articles on The mathematical constant e …
7Mathematics of radio engineering — A complex valued function. The mathematics of radio engineering is a pleasant and very useful subject. This article is an attempt to provide a reasonably comprehensive summary of this almost limitless topic. While the ideas have historically… …
8Phase-shift keying — Passband modulation v · d · e Analog modulation AM · …
9Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics — A computer generated, simplified model of bike and rider demonstrating an uncontrolled right turn. An …
10CORDIC — Trigonometry History Usage Functions Generalized Inverse functions Further reading …
