cosine phi
71Aberration of light — Light from location 1 will appear to be coming from location 2 for a moving telescope due to the finite speed of light, a phenomenon known as the aberration of light. The aberration of light (also referred to as astronomical aberration or stellar …
72Quantum tunnelling — In quantum mechanics, quantum tunnelling is a nanoscopic phenomenon in which a particle violates the principles of classical mechanics by penetrating a potential barrier or impedance higher than the kinetic energy of the particle.Razavy, Mohsen.… …
73WKB approximation — In physics, the WKB (Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin) approximation, also known as WKBJ (Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin–Jeffreys) approximation, is the most familiar example of a semiclassical calculation in quantum mechanics in which the wavefunction is… …
74Solar azimuth angle — The solar azimuth angle is the azimuth angle of the sun. It is most often defined as the angle between the line from the observer to the sun projected on the ground and the line from the observer due south. A positive azimuth angle generally… …
75Noncentral chi-squared distribution — Noncentral chi squared Probability density function Cumulative distribution function parameters …
76Differential geometry of surfaces — Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1828 In mathematics, the differential geometry of surfaces deals with smooth surfaces with various additional structures, most often, a Riemannian metric. Surfaces have been extensively studied from various perspectives:… …
77Bessel function — In mathematics, Bessel functions, first defined by the mathematician Daniel Bernoulli and generalized by Friedrich Bessel, are canonical solutions y(x) of Bessel s differential equation: for an arbitrary real or complex number α (the order of the …
78Cauchy sequence — In mathematics, a Cauchy sequence, named after Augustin Cauchy, is a sequence whose elements become arbitrarily close to each other as the sequence progresses. To be more precise, by dropping enough (but still only a finite number of) terms from… …
79Circle — This article is about the shape and mathematical concept. For other uses, see Circle (disambiguation). Circle illustration showing a radius, a diameter, the centre and the circumference …
80Rhumb line — In navigation, a rhumb line (or loxodrome) is a line crossing all meridians at the same angle, i.e. a path of constant bearing. Unlike a great circle route (for which bearing is not constant), following a rhumb line requires turning the vehicle… …
