copy-theory of knowledge
41Islamic contributions to Medieval Europe — Christian and Muslim playing chess in al Andalus, from The Book of Games of Alfonso X, el Sabio, c. 1285. The game of chess originated in India, but was transmitted to Europe by the Islamic world.[1] Islamic contributions to Medieval Europe …
42Karl Popper — Infobox Philosopher region = Western Philosophy era = 20th century philosophy color = #B0C4DE name = Sir Karl Raimund Popper CH FRS FBA birth = 28 July 1902 Vienna, Austria death = death date and age|df=yes|1994|9|17|1902|7|28 London, England… …
43Augustine — Gerard O’Daly 1 LIFE AND PHILOSOPHICAL READINGS Augustine was born in Thagaste (modern Souk Ahras in Algeria) in Roman North Africa in AD 354. He died as bishop of Hippo (now Annaba, Algeria) in 430. His education followed the standard Roman… …
44Science (Philosophies of) — Philosophies of science Mach, Duhem, Bachelard Babette E.Babich THE TRADITION OF CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE If the philosophy of science is not typically represented as a ‘continental’ discipline it is nevertheless historically rooted in… …
45Hermeneutics — Gadamer and Ricoeur G.B.Madison THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: ROMANTIC HERMENEUTICS Although the term ‘hermeneutics’ (hermeneutica) is, in its current usage, of early modern origin,1 the practice it refers to is as old as western civilization itself …
46Pragmatism — This article is about the philosophical movement. For other uses, see Pragmatism (disambiguation). Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition centered on the linking of practice and theory. It describes a process where theory is extracted from… …
47Philosophy — For other uses, see Philosophy (disambiguation) …
48Leonardo da Vinci — /lee euh nahr doh deuh vin chee, lay /; It. /le aw nahrdd daw dah veen chee/. 1452 1519, Italian painter, sculptor, architect, musician, engineer, mathematician, and scientist. * * * born April 15, 1452, Anchiano, Republic of Florence died May 2 …
49Ockham’s world and future — Arthur Gibson PHILOSOPHICAL BIOGRAPHY Ockham was born in about 1285, certainly before 1290, probably in the village of Ockham, Surrey, near London. If his epitaph is accurate, he died on 10 April 1347. Yet Conrad of Megenberg, when writing to… …
50positivism — positivist, adj., n. positivistic, adj. positivistically, adv. /poz i teuh viz euhm/, n. 1. the state or quality of being positive; definiteness; assurance. 2. a philosophical system founded by Auguste Comte, concerned with positive facts and… …
