convergence topology
121Particle swarm optimization — (PSO) is a swarm intelligence based algorithm to find a solution to an optimization problem in a search space, or model and predict social behavior in the presence of objectives.OverviewParticle swarm optimization is a stochastic, population… …
122Belief propagation — is a message passing algorithm for performing inference on graphical models, such as Bayesian networks and Markov random fields. It calculates the marginal distribution for each unobserved node, conditional on any observed nodes. Belief… …
123Norm (mathematics) — This article is about linear algebra and analysis. For field theory, see Field norm. For ideals, see Norm of an ideal. For group theory, see Norm (group). For norms in descriptive set theory, see prewellordering. In linear algebra, functional… …
124Classical Wiener space — In mathematics, classical Wiener space is the collection of all continuous functions on a given domain (usually a sub interval of the real line), taking values in a metric space (usually n dimensional Euclidean space). Classical Wiener space is… …
125Ultralimit — For the direct limit of a sequence of ultrapowers, see Ultraproduct. In mathematics, an ultralimit is a geometric construction that assigns to a sequence of metric spaces Xn a limiting metric space. The notion of an ultralimit captures the… …
126Mixing (mathematics) — In mathematics, mixing is an abstract concept originating from physics: the attempt to describe the irreversible thermodynamic process of mixing in the everyday world: mixing paint, mixing drinks, etc. The concept appears in ergodic theory the… …
127Pao Ming Pu — (the form of his name he used in Western languages, although the Wade Giles transliteration would be Pu Baoming; Chinese: 蒲保明 also named 蒲保民; pinyin: Pú Bǎomíng; Aug. 1910– Feb. 22, 1988), was a mathematician born in Jintang County, Sichuan,… …
128Mathematical optimization — For other uses, see Optimization (disambiguation). The maximum of a paraboloid (red dot) In mathematics, computational science, or management science, mathematical optimization (alternatively, optimization or mathematical programming) refers to… …
