contravariant differentiation
1Introduction to mathematics of general relativity — An understanding of calculus and differential equations is necessary for the understanding of nonrelativistic physics. In order to understand special relativity one also needs an understanding of tensor calculus. To understand the general theory… …
2Orthogonal coordinates — In mathematics, orthogonal coordinates are defined as a set of d coordinates q = (q1, q2, ..., qd) in which the coordinate surfaces all meet at right angles (note: superscripts are indices, not exponents). A coordinate surface for a particular… …
3Intermediate treatment of tensors — In mathematics and physics, a tensor is an idealized geometric or physical quantity whose numerical description, relative to a particular frame of reference, consists of a multiple indexed array of numbers. A vector, for example, is a tensor with …
4Covariant derivative — In mathematics, the covariant derivative is a way of specifying a derivative along tangent vectors of a manifold. Alternatively, the covariant derivative is a way of introducing and working with a connection on a manifold by means of a… …
5Differentiable manifold — A nondifferentiable atlas of charts for the globe. The results of calculus may not be compatible between charts if the atlas is not differentiable. In the middle chart the Tropic of Cancer is a smooth curve, whereas in the first it has a sharp… …
6Divergence — For other uses, see Divergence (disambiguation). Topics in Calculus Fundamental theorem Limits of functions Continuity Mean value theorem Differential calculus  Derivative Change of variables Implicit differentiation …
7Classical treatment of tensors — A tensor is a generalization of the concepts of vectors and matrices. Tensors allow one to express physical laws in a form that applies to any coordinate system. For this reason, they are used extensively in continuum mechanics and the theory of… …
8Abstract index notation — is a mathematical notation for tensors and spinors that uses indices to indicate their types, rather than their components in a particular basis. The indices are mere placeholders, not related to any fixed basis, and in particular are non… …
9Mathematics of general relativity — For a generally accessible and less technical introduction to the topic, see Introduction to mathematics of general relativity. General relativity Introduction Mathematical formulation Resources …
10Maxwell's equations in curved spacetime — Induced spacetime curvature In physics, Maxwell s equations in curved spacetime govern the dynamics of the electromagnetic field in curved spacetime (where the metric may not be the Minkowski metric) or where one uses an arbitrary (not… …
