continual stirring

  • 41FRANKFURT ON THE MAIN — (Heb. פרנקפורט דמיין; abbr. פפד״מ), city in Germany with an ancient and important community. Early History Reports and legends about Jews residing in Frankfurt go back to the earliest period in the city s history. Frankfurt was an important… …

    Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • 42RUSSIA — RUSSIA, former empire in Eastern Europe; from 1918 the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (R.S.F.S.R.), from 1923 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.); from 1990 the Russian Federation. Until 1772 ORIGINS The penetration… …

    Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • 43YIDDISH LITERATURE — This articles is arranged according to the following outline: introduction UNTIL THE END OF THE 18TH CENTURY the bible in yiddish literature epic homiletic prose drama liturgy ethical literature Historical Songs and Writings transcriptions of… …

    Encyclopedia of Judaism