contingency factor
11Principal component analysis — PCA of a multivariate Gaussian distribution centered at (1,3) with a standard deviation of 3 in roughly the (0.878, 0.478) direction and of 1 in the orthogonal direction. The vectors shown are the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix scaled by… …
12Pearson's chi-squared test — (χ2) is the best known of several chi squared tests – statistical procedures whose results are evaluated by reference to the chi squared distribution. Its properties were first investigated by Karl Pearson in 1900.[1] In contexts where it is… …
13Randomized block design — In the statistical theory of the design of experiments, blocking is the arranging of experimental units in groups (blocks) that are similar to one another. Typically, a blocking factor is a source of variability that is not of primary interest to …
14Odds ratio — The odds ratio [1][2][3] is a measure of effect size, describing the strength of association or non independence between two binary data values. It is used as a descriptive statistic, and plays an important role in logistic regression. Unlike… …
15Restricted randomization — Many processes have more than one source of variation in them. In order to reduce variation in processes, these multiple sources must be understood, and that often leads to the concept of nested or hierarchical data structures. For example, in… …
16Completely randomized design — In the design of experiments, completely randomized designs are for studying the effects of one primary factor without the need to take other nuisance variables into account. This article describes completely randomized designs that have one… …
17Cramér's V —     Cramér s V (φc) In statistics, Cramér s V (sometimes referred to as Cramér s phi and denoted as φc) is a popular[citation needed] measure of association between two nominal variables, giving a value between 0 and +1 (inclusive). It… …
18Phi coefficient — In statistics, the phi coefficient (also referred to as the mean square contingency coefficient and denoted by φ or rφ) is a measure of association for two binary variables introduced by Karl Pearson[1]. This measure is similar to the Pearson… …
19Opinion poll — An opinion poll, sometimes simply referred to as a poll is a survey of public opinion from a particular sample. Opinion polls are usually designed to represent the opinions of a population by conducting a series of questions and then… …
20United States — a republic in the N Western Hemisphere comprising 48 conterminous states, the District of Columbia, and Alaska in North America, and Hawaii in the N Pacific. 267,954,767; conterminous United States, 3,022,387 sq. mi. (7,827,982 sq. km); with… …
