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  • 51Arabic alphabet — Infobox Writing system name=Arabic abjad type=Abjad languages= Arabic, Persian, Kurdish, Baloch, Urdu, Pashto, Sindhi, Malay (limited usage) and others. time=400 CE to the present fam1=Proto Canaanite fam2=Phoenician fam3=Aramaic fam4=Nabataean… …

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  • 52chess — chess1 /ches/, n. a game played by two persons, each with 16 pieces, on a chessboard. [1150 1200; ME < OF esches, pl. of eschec CHECK1] chess2 /ches/, n., pl. chess, chesses. one of the planks forming the roadway of a floating bridge. [1425 75;&#8230; …

    Universalium

  • 53Egypt — /ee jipt/, n. 1. Arab Republic of. a republic in NE Africa. 64,791,891; 386,198 sq. mi. (1,000,252 sq. km). Cap.: Cairo. Arabic, Misr. Formerly (1958 71), United Arab Republic. 2. an ancient kingdom in NE Africa: divided into the Nile Delta&#8230; …

    Universalium

  • 54Iraq — /i rak , i rahk /, n. a republic in SW Asia, N of Saudi Arabia and W of Iran, centering in the Tigris Euphrates basin of Mesopotamia. 22,219,289; 172,000 sq. mi. (445,480 sq. km). Cap.: Baghdad. Also, Irak. * * * Iraq Introduction Iraq Background …

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  • 55mathematics — /math euh mat iks/, n. 1. (used with a sing. v.) the systematic treatment of magnitude, relationships between figures and forms, and relations between quantities expressed symbolically. 2. (used with a sing. or pl. v.) mathematical procedures,&#8230; …

    Universalium

  • 56metaphysics — /met euh fiz iks/, n. (used with a sing. v.) 1. the branch of philosophy that treats of first principles, includes ontology and cosmology, and is intimately connected with epistemology. 2. philosophy, esp. in its more abstruse branches. 3. the&#8230; …

    Universalium

  • 57animal behaviour — Introduction       any activity of an intact organism.       A living animal behaves constantly in order to survive, and all animals must solve the same basic problems. They must, for instance, periodically replace their energy source (consume&#8230; …

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  • 58publishing, history of — Introduction       an account of the selection, preparation, and marketing of printed matter from its origins in ancient times to the present. The activity has grown from small beginnings into a vast and complex industry responsible for the&#8230; …

    Universalium

  • 59Renaissance —     The Renaissance     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► The Renaissance     The Renaissance may be considered in a general or a particular sense, as     (1) the achievements of what is termed the modern spirit in opposition to the spirit which&#8230; …

    Catholic encyclopedia

  • 60The Renaissance —     The Renaissance     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► The Renaissance     The Renaissance may be considered in a general or a particular sense, as     (1) the achievements of what is termed the modern spirit in opposition to the spirit which&#8230; …

    Catholic encyclopedia