constrained estimation
61History of neuroimaging — The history of neuroimaging, began in the early 1900s with a technique called pneumoencephalography. This process involved draining the cerebrospinal fluid from around the brain and replacing it with air, altering the relative density of the… …
62Law enforcement in France — OrganizationsAgenciesFrance has two national general purpose law enforcement agencies: * the Police Nationale (civilian force; primary responsibility in urban areas; run under the Ministry of the Interior) * the Gendarmerie Nationale (military… …
63Climate sensitivity — is a measure of how responsive the temperature of the climate system is to a change in the radiative forcing. It is usually expressed as the temperature change associated with a doubling of the concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth s… …
64List of mathematics articles (D) — NOTOC D D distribution D module D D Agostino s K squared test D Alembert Euler condition D Alembert operator D Alembert s formula D Alembert s paradox D Alembert s principle Dagger category Dagger compact category Dagger symmetric monoidal… …
65Eigenvalue, eigenvector and eigenspace — In mathematics, given a linear transformation, an Audio|De eigenvector.ogg|eigenvector of that linear transformation is a nonzero vector which, when that transformation is applied to it, changes in length, but not direction. For each eigenvector… …
66Law of value — The law of value is a concept in Karl Marx s critique of political economy. Most generally, it refers to a regulative principle of the economic exchange of the products of human work: the relative exchange values of those products in trade,… …
67Differential entropy — (also referred to as continuous entropy) is a concept in information theory that extends the idea of (Shannon) entropy, a measure of average surprisal of a random variable, to continuous probability distributions. Contents 1 Definition 2… …
68Dog — For other uses, see Dog (disambiguation). Domestic dog Temporal range: 0.015–0 Ma …
69Intelligence analysis — This article deals with the intellectual process of analysis itself, as opposed to intelligence analysis management, which, in turn, is a subcomponent of intelligence cycle management. For a complete hierarchical list of articles in this series,… …
70History of pawnbroking — This history is partially outdated for developments in the 20th century To trace the history of pawnbroking, we must go back to the earliest ages of the world, since lending money on portable security (see money and usury) is one of the most… …
