congruence relation
21Matrix congruence — In mathematics, two matrices A and B over a field are called congruent if there exists an invertible matrix P over the same field such that PTAP = B where T denotes the matrix transpose. Matrix congruence is an equivalence relation. Matrix… …
22Theoreme de congruence lineaire — Théorème de congruence linéaire En arithmétique modulaire, la question des conditions de résolution d une congruence linéaire peut être résolue par le théorème de congruence linéaire. Si a et b sont des entiers quelconques et n un entier positif …
23Théorème de congruence linéaire — En arithmétique modulaire, la question des conditions de résolution d une congruence linéaire peut être résolue par le théorème de congruence linéaire. Si a et b sont des entiers quelconques et n un entier positif, alors la congruence (mod… …
24Symmetric relation — In mathematics, a binary relation R over a set X is symmetric if it holds for all a and b in X that if a is related to b then b is related to a .In mathematical notation, this is::forall a, b in X, a R b Rightarrow ; b R a.Note: symmetry is not… …
25equivalence relation — Math. a relation that is reflexive, symmetrical, and transitive, as equality. [1945 50] * * * In mathematics, a generalization of the idea of equality between elements of a set. All equivalence relations (e.g., that symbolized by the equals sign) …
26Algèbre universelle — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Algèbre (homonymie). L algèbre universelle est la branche de l algèbre qui a pour but de traiter de manière générale et simultanée les différentes structures algébriques : groupes, monoïdes, anneaux, espaces …
27Modular arithmetic — In mathematics, modular arithmetic (sometimes called clock arithmetic) is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers wrap around after they reach a certain value the modulus. The Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler pioneered the modern… …
28Quotient algebra — In mathematics, a quotient algebra, (where algebra is used in the sense of universal algebra), also called a factor algebra is obtained by partitioning the elements of an algebra in equivalence classes given by a congruence, that is an… …
29Kernel (algebra) — In the various branches of mathematics that fall under the heading of abstract algebra, the kernel of a homomorphism measures the degree to which the homomorphism fails to be injective. An important special case is the kernel of a matrix, also… …
30Leibniz operator — One of the cornerstone concepts in the theory of abstract algebraic logic is that of the Leibniz operator.MotivationThe Leibniz operator was introduced by Willem Blok and Don Pigozzi, two of the founders of the field, as a means to abstract the… …
