conditional information loss
11genetic disease, human — Introduction any of the diseases and disorders that are caused by mutations in one or more genes (gene). With the increasing ability to control infectious and nutritional diseases in developed countries, there has come the realization …
12Mathematics and Physical Sciences — ▪ 2003 Introduction Mathematics Mathematics in 2002 was marked by two discoveries in number theory. The first may have practical implications; the second satisfied a 150 year old curiosity. Computer scientist Manindra Agrawal of the… …
13Behavioral economics — and its related area of study, behavioral finance, use social, cognitive and emotional factors in understanding the economic decisions of individuals and institutions performing economic functions, including consumers, borrowers and investors,… …
14Bayesian network — A Bayesian network, Bayes network, belief network or directed acyclic graphical model is a probabilistic graphical model that represents a set of random variables and their conditional dependencies via a directed acyclic graph (DAG). For example …
15Monty Hall problem — In search of a new car, the player picks a door, say 1. The game host then opens one of the other doors, say 3, to reveal a goat and offers to let the player pick door 2 instead of door 1. The Monty Hall problem is a probability puzzle loosely… …
16FTA receiver — A Viewsat Xtreme FTA receiver A free to air or FTA Receiver is a satellite television receiver designed to receive unencrypted broadcasts. Modern decoders are typically compliant with the MPEG 2/DVB S and more recently the MPEG 4/DVB S2 standard… …
17Nobel Prizes — ▪ 2009 Introduction Prize for Peace The 2008 Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to Martti Ahtisaari, former president (1994–2000) of Finland, for his work over more than 30 years in settling international disputes, many involving ethnic,… …
18Kullback–Leibler divergence — In probability theory and information theory, the Kullback–Leibler divergence[1][2][3] (also information divergence, information gain, relative entropy, or KLIC) is a non symmetric measure of the difference between two probability distributions P …
19Economic Affairs — ▪ 2006 Introduction In 2005 rising U.S. deficits, tight monetary policies, and higher oil prices triggered by hurricane damage in the Gulf of Mexico were moderating influences on the world economy and on U.S. stock markets, but some other… …
20Opportunism — Opportunity Seized, Opportunity Missed. Engraving by Theodoor Galle, 1605. Contents 1 General definition …
