completely ramified
31AMMON, AMMONITES — AMMON, AMMONITES, ancient people. The Ammonites are one of the many tribes that emerged from the Syrio Arabian desert during the second millennium B.C.E. and eventually established a national kingdom in Transjordan. In the Bible they are usually… …
32COOPERATIVES — The Jewish cooperative movement began toward the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. Its development was part of the general spread of cooperatives throughout the world at that time, and was spurred additionally by the rising… …
33EZEKIEL — EZEKIEL, a major prophet who is said to have begun prophesying in the fifth year of Jehoiachin s exile in Babylonia, seven years before the final fall of Jerusalem; his prophecies are recorded in the book that bears his name. The name Ezekiel… …
34ISAAC BEN SAMUEL OF DAMPIERRE — (usually referred to by the initial letters of his name as Ri (initials of R abbi I saac) or Ri the Elder, or Ri of Dampierre, d. c. 1185), one of the most important of the tosafists and leading authority of Franco German Jewry in the second half …
35ISAIAH — (Heb. יְשַׁעְיָה ,יְשַׁעְיָהוּ Salvation of YHWH ), one of the eight books (as the Rabbis and the Masorah count them) of the Nevi im, or Prophets, the second division of the Hebrew canon (see bible , Canon). INTRODUCTION Outside the Book of… …
36LABOR — Jewish Labor Organizations IN THE PRE STATE PERIOD Since the last decades of the 19th century, a number of sporadic labor associations have arisen in agriculture and in the printing, clothing, and building trades, as well as groups limited to a… …
37KING, KINGSHIP — (Heb. מלֶךְ, מַלְכוּת). In the Bible The term king in the biblical frame of reference and that of the Ancient Near East generally designates a governor and ruler, usually the sole authority over his subjects. This term is used to designate the… …
38MAJORCA — (Sp. Mallorca), largest and most important of the Balearic Isles. It is difficult to determine when Jews first arrived in Majorca, but it may be assumed that the settlement was ancient because of the island s location at the crossroads of the… …
39ODESSA — ODESSA, capital of Odessa district, Ukraine. In the 19th century it became the industrial and commercial center for southern Russia. In 1865 a university was founded. Odessa was an important center of the Russian revolutionary movement. Under the …
40PROTESTANTS — Up to World War II Seen in perspective, the attitude of the Protestant movement toward Jews and Judaism was ambivalent and unstable. For the earlier periods see luther , calvin , and reformation . By the beginning of the 18th century the… …
