compact set with a boundary
31Vector space — This article is about linear (vector) spaces. For the structure in incidence geometry, see Linear space (geometry). Vector addition and scalar multiplication: a vector v (blue) is added to another vector w (red, upper illustration). Below, w is… …
32Shape of the Universe — Edge of the Universe redirects here. For the Bee Gees song, see Edge of the Universe (song). The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether Omega is less than, equal to or greater than 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe, a… …
33Europe, history of — Introduction history of European peoples and cultures from prehistoric times to the present. Europe is a more ambiguous term than most geographic expressions. Its etymology is doubtful, as is the physical extent of the area it designates.… …
34Banach algebra — In mathematics, especially functional analysis, a Banach algebra, named after Stefan Banach, is an associative algebra A over the real or complex numbers which at the same time is also a Banach space. The algebra multiplication and the Banach… …
35Quotient space — In topology and related areas of mathematics, a quotient space (also called an identification space) is, intuitively speaking, the result of identifying or gluing together certain points of a given space. The points to be identified are specified …
36Degree of a continuous mapping — This article is about the term degree as used in algebraic topology. For other uses, see degree (mathematics). A degree two map of a sphere onto itself. In topology, the degree is a numerical invariant that describes a continuous mapping between… …
37Sturm-Liouville theory — In mathematics and its applications, a classical Sturm Liouville equation, named after Jacques Charles François Sturm (1803 1855) and Joseph Liouville (1809 1882), is a real second order linear differential equation of the formwhere y is a… …
38Current (mathematics) — In mathematics, more particularly in functional analysis, differential topology, and geometric measure theory, a k current in the sense of Georges de Rham is a functional on the space of compactly supported differential k forms, on a smooth… …
39Atomic orbital — The shapes of the first five atomic orbitals: 1s, 2s, 2px, 2py, and 2pz. The colors show the wave function phase. These are graphs of ψ(x,y,z) functions which depend on the coordinates of one electron. To see the elongated shape of ψ(x,y,z)2… …
40Differential form — In the mathematical fields of differential geometry and tensor calculus, differential forms are an approach to multivariable calculus that is independent of coordinates. Differential forms provide a better[further explanation needed] definition… …
