communist parties in western europe

  • 81Roma in Central and Eastern Europe — The Roma people in Central and Eastern Europe often live in depressed squatter communities with very high unemployment, while only some are fully integrated in the society. However, in some cases mdash;notably the Kalderash clan in Romania, who… …

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  • 82Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr Isayevich — (1918– )    Arrested while serving as an artillery captain at the front in 1945, Solzhenitsyn was sentenced to eight years imprisonment for his criticism of Joseph Stalin. Over the next eight years, he served his sentence in jails and forced… …

    Historical dictionary of Russian and Soviet Intelligence

  • 83ANTISEMITISM — ANTISEMITISM, a term coined in 1879, from the Greek ἁντί = anti, and Σημ = Semite by the German agitator wilhelm marr to designate the then current anti Jewish campaigns in Europe. Antisemitism soon came into general use as a term denoting all… …

    Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • 84Marshall Plan — Labeling used on aid packages The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the large scale American program to aid Europe where the United States gave monetary support to help rebuild European economies after the end of… …

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  • 85Revolutions of 1989 — Fall of Communism redirects here. For the fall of the Soviet Union, see Dissolution of the Soviet Union. Revolutions of 1989 Top left: Round Table in Warsaw. Top right: Fall of the Berlin Wall. Middle left: Romanian Revolution. Middle right:… …

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  • 86History of communism — This article intentionally focuses only on the history of communism as a self contained, self aware political movement. The political movement of communism has been a worldwide social movement for centuries.Karl Marx saw communism as the original …

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  • 87Liberalism — This article discusses the ideology of liberalism. Local differences in its meaning are listed in Liberalism worldwide. For other uses, see Liberal (disambiguation) …

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  • 88Mikhail Gorbachev — Gorbachev redirects here. For other uses, see Gorbachev (disambiguation). This name uses Eastern Slavic naming customs; the patronymic is Sergeyevich and the family name is Gorbachev. Mikhail Gorbachev Михаил Горбачёв Gorbachev in May 2010 …

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  • 89History of the Italian Republic — After World War II and the overthrow of Mussolini s fascist regime, Italy s history was dominated by the Democrazia Cristiana (DC Christian Democrats) party for forty years, while the opposition was led by the Italian Communist Party (PCI); this… …

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  • 90British National Party — For other uses, see British National Party (disambiguation). British National Party …

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