communal services
31Judaism — /jooh dee iz euhm, day , deuh /, n. 1. the monotheistic religion of the Jews, having its ethical, ceremonial, and legal foundation in the precepts of the Old Testament and in the teachings and commentaries of the rabbis as found chiefly in the… …
32GOVERNANCE — Ottoman and Mandatory Periods (1880–1948) CENTRAL GOVERNMENT Ottoman Rule At the beginning of the period the Land of Israel was not a political or administrative unit; officially, there was no such entity as Palestine. The Ottoman Empire (see… …
33RELIGIOUS LIFE AND COMMUNITIES — Jews UNDER OTTOMAN RULE The Jews of the pre Zionist old yishuv, both sephardim (from the Orient) and ashkenazim (of European origin), dedicated their lives to the fulfillment of religious precepts: the study of the torah and the meticulous… …
34TAXATION — This article is arranged according to the following outline: historical aspects legal aspects the biblical period the talmudic period the post talmudic period in general yardsticks of tax assessment taxable property Place of Residence, Business,… …
35CANADA — CANADA, country in northern half of North America and a member of the British Commonwealth. At the beginning of the 21st century, its population of approximately 370,000 Jews made it the world s fourth largest Jewish community after the United… …
36BUSINESS ETHICS — The Role of Wealth Any discussion of business ethics, within any cultural or religious framework, requires at the very outset a definition of the role of material wealth, financial assets, and other forms of economic possessions. Furthermore,… …
37Synagogue — A synagogue (from Greek: gr. συναγωγή, transliterated synagogē , assembly ; he. בית כנסת beit knesset, house of assembly ; yi. שול or he. בית תפילה beit tefila, house of prayer , shul; la. אסנוגה, esnoga) is a Jewish house of prayer.Synagogues… …
38PERU — PERU, republic in South America; general population (2005) 27,000,000, Jewish population (2004) 2,600. Colonial Period The discovery of Peru and its mineral potential attracted a large number of crypto jews known as Portuguese, who disregarded… …
39Chiapas — Estado Libre y Soberano de Chiapas   State   …
40CHILE — CHILE, South American republic; population 15,600,000 (2003); Jewish population 20,900. Colonial Period crypto jews were known in the earliest days of Chilean history. Rodrigo de Orgoños, one of the Spanish officers in the company of Diego de… …
