communal financing
61CONSTRUCTIVIST ARCHITECTURE — Constructivist art and architecture, found in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s, grew out of the geometric, dynamic, and kinetic styles of both Cubism and Futurist architecture. Russian Constructivism, as it is also called, was then… …
62ALIYAH AND ABSORPTION — GENERAL SURVEY Introduction Aliyah, ascension or going up, is the coming of Jews as individuals or in groups, from exile or diaspora to live in the Land of Israel. Those who go up for this purpose are known as olim – a term used in the Bible for… …
63RESPONSA — (Heb. שְׁאֵלוֹת וּתְשׁוּבוֹת; lit. queries and replies ), a rabbinic term denoting an exchange of letters in which one party consults another on a halakhic matter. Such responsa are already mentioned in the Talmud, which tells of an inquiry… …
64RUSSIA — RUSSIA, former empire in Eastern Europe; from 1918 the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (R.S.F.S.R.), from 1923 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.); from 1990 the Russian Federation. Until 1772 ORIGINS The penetration… …
65Electricity sector in Bolivia — The electricity sector in Bolivia was privatized in the early 1990s and was unbundled into generation, transmission and distribution. The supply is dominated by thermal generation (60%), while hydropower (40%) has a smaller share in its… …
66political system — Introduction the set of formal legal institutions that constitute a “government” or a “ state.” This is the definition adopted by many studies of the legal or constitutional arrangements of advanced political orders. More broadly defined,… …
67Wampanoag people — For other uses, see Wampanoag (disambiguation). Wampanoag Total population 2000+ Regions with signifi …
68CZECHOSLOVAKIA — CZECHOSLOVAKIA, republic in Central Europe. Founded in 1918, it united within its political framework the Jewries of the historic countries (bohemia , moravia , and part of silesia ), connected with the hapsburg Empire from 1526 and under its… …
69MODERN TIMES – TO 1880 — introduction dawn of the enlightenment influence of mercantilist absolutism on jewish status arguments for toleration moses mendelssohn egalitarianism and emancipation in the u.s. the french revolution napoleon bonaparte and the french sanhedrin… …
70MILWAUKEE — MILWAUKEE, Wisconsin s largest city, located on the southeast tip of the shores of Lake Michigan. A few Jews are known to have lived in the area in the latter part of the 18th and early 19th centuries. Ezekial Solomon, perceived to be Jewish, was …
