coherent state
111Nitrogen-vacancy center — The nitrogen vacancy center (N V center) is one of numerous point defects in diamond. Its most explored and useful property is photoluminescence, which can be easily detected from an individual N V center. Electron spins at N V centers, localized …
112ethics — /eth iks/, n.pl. 1. (used with a sing. or pl. v.) a system of moral principles: the ethics of a culture. 2. the rules of conduct recognized in respect to a particular class of human actions or a particular group, culture, etc.: medical ethics;… …
113Interference — In physics, interference is the addition (superposition) of two or more waves that result in a new wave pattern.As most commonly used, the term interference usually refers to the interaction of waves which are correlated or coherent with each… …
114Optical hybrid — A 90° optical hybrid is a six port device that is used for coherent signal demodulation for either homodyne or heterodyne detection. It would mix the incoming signal with the four quadratural states associated with the reference signal in the… …
115western Africa, history of — Introduction history of the region from the 11th century to the present. A reasonable body of sources for the writing of western African history begins to be available about AD 1000. Three centuries earlier, the Arabs (Arab) had… …
116Plato: ethics and politics — A.W.Price I Plato followed his teacher Socrates into ethics by way of a question that remained central in Greek thought: what is the relation between the virtues or excellences (aretai) of character, and happiness (eudaimonia)?1 Both concepts… …
117Hellenistic biological sciences — R.J.Kankinson The five centuries that separate Aristotle’s death in 322 BC from Galen’s ascendancy in Rome in the latter part of the second century AD were fertile ones for the biological sciences, in particular medicine. Nor is the period solely …
118Photoelectrochemical processes — Photons emitted in a coherent beam from a laser Composition {{{composition}}} Interactions Electromagnetic, Optical, C …
119Economic calculation problem — The economic calculation problem is a criticism of socialist economics. It was first proposed by Ludwig von Mises in 1920 and later expounded by Friedrich Hayek.cite book title= Economic calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth accessdate=2008… …
120Metric system — This article is about the metric system in general. For information about specific versions of the system, such as the International System of Units or the cgs system of units, see #Variants. For a generally accessible and less technical… …
