closure equation
11Field (mathematics) — This article is about fields in algebra. For fields in geometry, see Vector field. For other uses, see Field (disambiguation). In abstract algebra, a field is a commutative ring whose nonzero elements form a group under multiplication. As such it …
12Hilbert space — For the Hilbert space filling curve, see Hilbert curve. Hilbert spaces can be used to study the harmonics of vibrating strings. The mathematical concept of a Hilbert space, named after David Hilbert, generalizes the notion of Euclidean space. It… …
13Action algebra — In algebraic logic, an action algebra is an algebraic structure which is both a residuated semilattice and a Kleene algebra. It adds the star or reflexive transitive closure operation of the latter to the former, while adding the left and right… …
14algebra — /al jeuh breuh/, n. 1. the branch of mathematics that deals with general statements of relations, utilizing letters and other symbols to represent specific sets of numbers, values, vectors, etc., in the description of such relations. 2. any of… …
15Integral element — In commutative algebra, an element b of a commutative ring B is said to be integral over its subring A if there are such that That is to say, b is a root of a monic polynomial over A.[1] If B consists of elements that are integral over A, then B… …
16Adjoint functors — Adjunction redirects here. For the construction in field theory, see Adjunction (field theory). For the construction in topology, see Adjunction space. In mathematics, adjoint functors are pairs of functors which stand in a particular… …
17Projective transformation — A projective transformation is a transformation used in projective geometry: it is the composition of a pair of perspective projections. It describes what happens to the perceived positions of observed objects when the point of view of the… …
18Mass in special relativity — incorporates the general understandings from the concept of mass energy equivalence. Added to this concept is an additional complication resulting from the fact that mass is defined in two different ways in special relativity: one way defines… …
19Vector space — This article is about linear (vector) spaces. For the structure in incidence geometry, see Linear space (geometry). Vector addition and scalar multiplication: a vector v (blue) is added to another vector w (red, upper illustration). Below, w is… …
20Trace operator — In mathematics, the concept of trace operator plays an important role in studying the existence and uniqueness of solutions to boundary value problems, that is, to partial differential equations with prescribed boundary conditions. The trace… …
