chi-square criterion
21Neyman–Pearson lemma — In statistics, the Neyman Pearson lemma, named after Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson, states that when performing a hypothesis test between two point hypotheses H0: θ = θ0 and H1: θ = θ1, then the likelihood ratio test …
22Quadratic residue — In number theory, an integer q is called a quadratic residue modulo n if it is congruent to a perfect square modulo n; i.e., if there exists an integer x such that: Otherwise, q is called a quadratic nonresidue modulo n. Originally an abstract… …
23Debye sheath — The Debye sheath (also electrostatic sheath) is a layer in a plasma which has a greater density of positive ions, and hence an overall excess positive charge, that balances an opposite negative charge on the surface of a material with which it is …
24Optimal design — This article is about the topic in the design of experiments. For the topic in optimal control theory, see shape optimization. Gustav Elfving developed the optimal design of experiments, and so minimized surveyors need for theodolite measurements …
25Ordinary least squares — This article is about the statistical properties of unweighted linear regression analysis. For more general regression analysis, see regression analysis. For linear regression on a single variable, see simple linear regression. For the… …
26building construction — Techniques and industry involved in the assembly and erection of structures. Early humans built primarily for shelter, using simple methods. Building materials came from the land, and fabrication was dictated by the limits of the materials and… …
27performing arts — arts or skills that require public performance, as acting, singing, or dancing. [1945 50] * * * ▪ 2009 Introduction Music Classical. The last vestiges of the Cold War seemed to thaw for a moment on Feb. 26, 2008, when the unfamiliar strains …
28Normal distribution — This article is about the univariate normal distribution. For normally distributed vectors, see Multivariate normal distribution. Probability density function The red line is the standard normal distribution Cumulative distribution function …
29Deviance (statistics) — In statistics, deviance is a quality of fit statistic for a model that is often used for statistical hypothesis testing. The deviance for a model M0 is defined as Here denotes the fitted values of the parameters in the model M0, while denotes the …
30Mean squared error — In statistics, the mean squared error (MSE) of an estimator is one of many ways to quantify the difference between values implied by a kernel density estimator and the true values of the quantity being estimated. MSE is a risk function,… …
