chemical excitation
91Isotopes of nobelium — Nobelium (No) is an artificial element, and thus a standard atomic mass cannot be given. Like all artificial elements, it has no stable isotopes. The first isotope to be synthesized (and correctly identified) was 254No in 1966. There are 16 known …
92Atomic orbital — The shapes of the first five atomic orbitals: 1s, 2s, 2px, 2py, and 2pz. The colors show the wave function phase. These are graphs of ψ(x,y,z) functions which depend on the coordinates of one electron. To see the elongated shape of ψ(x,y,z)2… …
93Laser — For other uses, see Laser (disambiguation). United States Air Force laser experiment …
94Photon — This article is about the elementary particle of light. For other uses, see Photon (disambiguation). Photon Photons emitted in a coherent beam from a laser Composition Elementary particle …
95Spectroscopy — Analysis of white light by dispersing it with a prism is example of spectroscopy. Spectroscopy ( …
96Photoluminescence — (abbreviated as PL) is a process in which a substance absorbs photons (electromagnetic radiation) and then re radiates photons. Quantum mechanically, this can be described as an excitation to a higher energy state and then a return to a lower… …
97Green fluorescent protein — EGFP redirects here. EGFP may also refer to the ICAO airport code for Pembrey Airport. GFP ribbon diagram. From PDB 1EMA …
98Nuclear isomer — A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atomic nucleus caused by the excitation of one or more of its nucleons (protons or neutrons). Metastable refers to the fact that these excited states have half lives more than 100 to 1000 times the… …
99William R. Bennett, Jr. — William R. Bennett (January 30, 1930 June 29, 2008) was an American physicist known for his pioneering work on gas lasers. He spent most of his career on the faculty of Yale University.CareerBennett s graduate work in physics was on spectroscopy… …
100X-ray fluorescence — (XRF) is the emission of characteristic secondary (or fluorescent) X rays from a material that has been excited by bombarding with high energy X rays or gamma rays. The phenomenon is widely used for elemental analysis and chemical analysis,… …
