by this criterion
111Criteria of truth — In epistemology, criteria of truth (or tests of truth) are standards and rules used to judge the accuracy of statements and claims. They are tools of verification. Understanding a philosophy s criteria of truth is fundamental to a clear… …
112Falsifiability — Are all swans white? Falsifiability or refutability of an assertion, hypothesis or theory is the logical possibility that it can be contradicted by an observation or the outcome of a physical experiment. That something is falsifiable does not… …
113Yield surface — A yield surface is a five dimensional surface in the six dimensional space of stresses. The state of stress of inside the yield surface is elastic. When the stress state lies on the surface the material is said to have reached its yield point and …
114positivism — positivist, adj., n. positivistic, adj. positivistically, adv. /poz i teuh viz euhm/, n. 1. the state or quality of being positive; definiteness; assurance. 2. a philosophical system founded by Auguste Comte, concerned with positive facts and… …
115Logical positivism — (also known as logical empiricism, scientific philosophy, and neo positivism) is a philosophy that combines empiricism the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical… …
116Plasticity (physics) — Plastic material redirects here. For the material used in manufacturing, see Plastic. Continuum mechanics …
117Independence of irrelevant alternatives — (IIA) is an axiom of decision theory and various social sciences. The word is used in different meanings in different contexts. Although they all attempt to provide a rational account of individual behavior or aggregation of individual… …
118Cluster analysis — The result of a cluster analysis shown as the coloring of the squares into three clusters. Cluster analysis or clustering is the task of assigning a set of objects into groups (called clusters) so that the objects in the same cluster are more… …
119Evolution — Evolution (History and Scientific Foundation) † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Evolution (History and Scientific Foundation) The world of organisms comprises a great system of individual forms generally classified according to structural… …
120Pseudoscience — Part of a series on Science …
