business to the artisans
41COUNCILS OF THE LANDS — COUNCILS OF THE LANDS, the central institutions of Jewish self government in Poland and Lithuania from the middle of the 16th century until 1764. The bodies in question were the Council of the Four Lands (Heb. וַעַד אַרְבַּע אֲךָצוֹת) or … …
42To smell of the shop — Shop Shop, n. [OE. shoppe, schoppe, AS. sceoppa a treasury, a storehouse, stall, booth; akin to scypen a shed, LG. schup a shed, G. schoppen, schuppen, a shed, a coachhouse, OHG. scopf.] 1. A building or an apartment in which goods, wares, drugs …
43Fall of the Ottoman Empire — issues cleanup=Sep 2008 refimprove=Sep 2008 wikify=Sep 2008 Republic of Turkey (superimposed upon modern borders). Some scholars argue the power of the Caliphate began waning by 1683, and without the acquisition of significant new wealth the… …
44Economic history of the Ottoman Empire — covers the period 1299 1923. The economic history falls into two distinctive sub periods.Fact|date=July 2008 The first is the classic era (enlargement), which comprised a closed agricultural economy, showing regional distinctions within the… …
45Heinz Hall for the Performing Arts — Heinz Hall for the Performing Arts, located in the heart of Pittsburgh s Cultural District on Penn Avenue is near PPG Place, CNG Tower, Fifth Avenue Place, and Gateway Plaza. Now the home of the world renowned Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra (PSO)… …
46History of the Jews in Kalisz — Located in the Poznan province west of Lodz, Kalisz was for centuries a border town between Poland and Germany. One of the oldest cities in Poland, Kalisz also played a pivotal role in Polish Jewish history: in 1264, Prince Bolesław V ( The Pious …
47Women in the Middle Ages — Christian convents in the Middle Ages provided women one alternative to married life. Women in the Middle Ages occupied a number of different social roles. Women in the Middle Ages, a period of European history from around the 5th century to the… …
48Socrates and the beginnings of moral philosophy — Hugh H.Benson INTRODUCTION Cicero in Tusculan Disputations famously tells us that Socrates first called philosophy down from the sky, set it in cities and even introduced it into homes, and compelled it to consider life and morals, good and evil …
49Cuisine of the Midwestern United States — Chicago style deep dish pizza …
50Estates of the realm — Cleric, Knight, and Workman : the three estates in a French medieval illumination The Estates of the realm were the broad social orders of the hierarchically conceived society, recognized in the Middle Ages and Early Modern period in Christian… …
