business to the artisans
111Gentrification — and urban gentrification refer to the changes that result when wealthier people ( gentry ) acquire or rent property in low income and working class communities.[1] Urban gentrification is associated with movement. Consequent to gentrification,… …
112Austria — Austrian, adj., n. /aw stree euh/, n. a republic in central Europe. 8,054,078; 32,381 sq. mi. (83,865 sq. km). Cap.: Vienna. German, Österreich. * * * Austria Introduction Austria Background: Once the center of power for the large Austro… …
113Geisha — This article is about the female Japanese entertainer. For the Chinese elm variety, see Ulmus parvifolia Geisha . Geiko redirects here. For the insurance company, see GEICO. Geisha from Kyoto Geisha (芸者 …
114guild — /gild/, n. 1. an organization of persons with related interests, goals, etc., esp. one formed for mutual aid or protection. 2. any of various medieval associations, as of merchants or artisans, organized to maintain standards and to protect the… …
115Guild — An association of merchants or craftsmen in a medieval or Renaissance city, intended to regulate relations among those who practiced the same occupation and to safeguard the common interests of its members and also (in theory) the general… …
116Plato: ethics and politics — A.W.Price I Plato followed his teacher Socrates into ethics by way of a question that remained central in Greek thought: what is the relation between the virtues or excellences (aretai) of character, and happiness (eudaimonia)?1 Both concepts… …
117AGRICULTURE — in the land of israel in prehistory from the beginning of the bronze age to the conquest of joshua early israelite the period of the first temple the period of the return and the second temple the hasmonean period the mishnaic and talmudic period …
118EDUCATION, JEWISH — This entry is arranged according to the following outline. Bibliography at the end of a section is indicated by (†). in the biblical period the nature of the sources historical survey the patriarchal period and the settlement the kingdom the… …
119TRADE AND COMMERCE — In the Bible The geopolitical location of Palestine, set as it is in the heart of the Fertile Crescent, made it a pivotal link in the commercial activities carried on by land and sea between, on the one hand, Egypt and the Arabian Peninsula in… …
120Poland — /poh leuhnd/, n. a republic in E central Europe, on the Baltic Sea. 38,700,291; ab. 121,000 sq. mi. (313,400 sq. km). Cap.: Warsaw. Polish, Polska. * * * Poland Introduction Poland Background: Poland is an ancient nation that was conceived around …
