bose-einstein distribution function
61Planck's law — For a general introduction, see black body. In physics, Planck s law describes the spectral radiance of electromagnetic radiation at all wavelengths from a black body at temperature T. As a function of frequency u, Planck s law is written as:… …
62List of probability distributions — Many probability distributions are so important in theory or applications that they have been given specific names.Discrete distributionsWith finite support* The Bernoulli distribution, which takes value 1 with probability p and value 0 with… …
63Carrier scattering — Defect types include atom vacancies, adatoms, steps, and kinks which occur most frequently at surfaces due to finite material size causing crystal discontinuity. What all types of defects have in common, whether they be surface or bulk, is that… …
64Mathematics and Physical Sciences — ▪ 2003 Introduction Mathematics Mathematics in 2002 was marked by two discoveries in number theory. The first may have practical implications; the second satisfied a 150 year old curiosity. Computer scientist Manindra Agrawal of the… …
65Gas in a box — In quantum mechanics, the results of the quantum particle in a box can be used to look at the equilibrium situation for a quantum ideal gas in a box which is a box containing a large number of molecules which do not interact with each other… …
66Nobel Prizes — ▪ 2009 Introduction Prize for Peace The 2008 Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to Martti Ahtisaari, former president (1994–2000) of Finland, for his work over more than 30 years in settling international disputes, many involving ethnic,… …
67Photon — This article is about the elementary particle of light. For other uses, see Photon (disambiguation). Photon Photons emitted in a coherent beam from a laser Composition Elementary particle …
68Gas in a harmonic trap — The results of the quantum harmonic oscillator can be used to look at the equilibrium situation for a quantum ideal gas in a harmonic trap, which is a harmonic potential containing a large number particles that do not interact with each other… …
69Physical Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Scientists discovered a new family of superconducting materials and obtained unique images of individual hydrogen atoms and of a multiple exoplanet system. Europe completed the Large Hadron Collider, and China and India took… …
70Fermi–Dirac statistics — Statistical mechanics Thermodynamics · …
