basic theorems of probability
101Genetic algorithm — A genetic algorithm (GA) is a search heuristic that mimics the process of natural evolution. This heuristic is routinely used to generate useful solutions to optimization and search problems. Genetic algorithms belong to the larger class of… …
102Extreme value theory — is a branch of statistics dealing with the extreme deviations from the median of probability distributions. The general theory sets out to assess the type of probability distributions generated by processes. Extreme value theory is important for… …
103Itō calculus — Itō calculus, named after Kiyoshi Itō, extends the methods of calculus to stochastic processes such as Brownian motion (Wiener process). It has important applications in mathematical finance and stochastic differential equations.The central… …
104Proof of impossibility — A proof of impossibility, sometimes called a negative proof or negative result , is a proof demonstrating that a particular problem cannot be solved, or cannot be solved in general. Often proofs of impossibility have put to rest decades or… …
105Empiricism — John Locke, a leading philosopher of British empiricism This article is about the field of philosophy. For the album by Borknagar, see Empiricism (album). Empiricism is a theory of knowledge that asserts that knowledge comes only or primarily via …
106Prisoner's dilemma — This article is about game theory. For the 1988 novel, see Prisoner s Dilemma (novel). For the Doctor Who audiobook, see The Prisoner s Dilemma. For the 2001 play, see The Prisoner s Dilemma (play). The prisoner’s dilemma is a canonical example… …
107Euclid's Elements — (Greek: polytonic|Στοιχεῖα) is a mathematical and geometric treatise consisting of 13 books written by the Greek mathematician Euclid in Alexandria circa 300 BC. It comprises a collection of definitions, postulates (axioms), propositions… …
108Richard Jeffrey — Richard C. Jeffrey (5 August 1926 – 9 November 2002) was an American philosopher, logician, and probability theorist. He was a native of Boston, Massachusetts.Jeffrey served in the U.S. Navy during World War II. As a graduate student he studied… …
109Moshe Zakai — Born 26 December 1926(1926 12 26) Sokółka, Poland …
110Pigeonhole principle — A photograph of pigeons in holes. Here there are n = 10 pigeons in m = 9 holes, so by the pigeonhole principle, at least one hole has more than one pigeon: in this case, both of the top corner holes contain two pigeons. The principle says nothing …
