basic bessemer steel
51Martin, Pierre-Émile — ▪ French engineer born Aug. 18, 1824, Bourges, Fr. died May 23, 1915, Fourchambault French engineer who invented the Siemens–Martin (open hearth) process, which produced most of the world s steel until the development of the basic oxygen process …
52History of the United States (1865–1918) — The history of the United States (1865–1918) covers Reconstruction and the rise of industrialization in the United States.At the conclusion of the Civil War, the United States remained bitterly divided. Reconstruction and its failure left the… …
53Slag — is the by product of smelting ore to purify metals. They can be considered to be a mixture of metal oxides; however, they can contain metal sulfides (see also matte) and metal atoms in the elemental form. While slags are generally used as a waste …
54Carnegie, Andrew — born Nov. 25, 1835, Dunfermline, Fife, Scot. died Aug. 11, 1919, Lenox, Mass., U.S. U.S. industrialist and philanthropist. The son of a Scottish weaver, he emigrated to the U.S. with his family in 1848. A job in a telegraph office led to his… …
55Steelmaking — is the second step in producing steel from iron ore. In this stage, impurities such as sulfur, phosphorus, and excess carbon are removed from the raw iron, and alloying elements such as manganese, nickel, chromium and vanadium are added to… …
56John Cockerill (company) — John Cockerill Cie. (1825 42) Société anonyme John Cockerill (1842 1955) Industry Integrated steel and manufacturing Successor SA Cockerill Ougree ultimately : ArcelorMittal Liege also, mechamical engineering division : Cockerill… …
57Sidney Gilchrist Thomas — Infobox Scientist name = Sidney Gilchrist Thomas box width = image width =150px caption = Sidney Gilchrist Thomas birth date = April 16, 1850 birth place = Canonbury, London death date = February 1, 1885 death place = residence = citizenship =… …
58History of science and technology in China — Inventions …
59Pig iron — [ thumb|300px|Two pig iron weights for use in a theatrefly system.] [ puddling process of smelting iron ore to make wrought iron from pig iron, the right half of the illustration (not shown) displays men working a blast furnace, Tiangong Kaiwu… …
60Industrial process — Industrial processes are procedures involving chemical or mechanical steps to aid in the manufacture of an item or items, usually carried out on a very large scale.Industrial processes are the key components of heavy industry.Most processes make… …
