basic bessemer steel
41Sheffield — For other uses, see Sheffield (disambiguation). City of Sheffield   City Metropolitan borough   Top left …
42Europe, history of — Introduction history of European peoples and cultures from prehistoric times to the present. Europe is a more ambiguous term than most geographic expressions. Its etymology is doubtful, as is the physical extent of the area it designates.… …
43open-hearth process — a process of steelmaking in which the charge is laid in a furnace (open hearth furnace) on a shallow hearth and heated directly by burning gas as well as radiatively by the furnace walls. [1885 90] * * * or Siemens Martin process Steelmaking… …
44Blacksmith — For other uses, see Blacksmith (disambiguation). Blacksmith A blacksmith at work Occupation …
45Iron — Fe redirects here. For other uses, see Fe (disambiguation). This article is about the chemical element. For other uses, see Iron (disambiguation). manganese …
46Pittsburgh — This article is about the city in Pennsylvania. For the region, see Pittsburgh metropolitan area. For other uses, see Pittsburgh (disambiguation). City of Pittsburgh   City   …
47Spain — /spayn/, n. a kingdom in SW Europe. Including the Balearic and Canary islands, 39,244,195; 194,988 sq. mi. (505,019 sq. km). Cap.: Madrid. Spanish, España. * * * Spain Introduction Spain Background: Spain s powerful world empire of the 16th and… …
48manganese processing — Introduction preparation of the ore for use in various products. Manganese (Mn) is a hard, silvery white metal with a melting point of 1,244° C (2,271° F). Ordinarily too brittle to be of structural value itself, it is an essential… …
49Ironworks — An ironworks or iron works is a building or site where iron is smelted and where heavy iron and/or steel products are made. The term is both singular and plural, i.e. the plural of ironworks is ironworks .An integrated ironworks in the 19th… …
50economic systems — Introduction the way in which humankind has arranged for its material provisioning. One would think that there would be a great variety of such systems, corresponding to the many cultural arrangements that have characterized human society.… …
