barter contract
41money and banking — Coins were unknown in Mesopotamia until about forty years after their introduction in Lydia in western Anatolia circa 650 B.C. Before that, barter, or paying for goods with goods of equal value, was the main means of financial exchange. As… …
42Land-Tenure in the Christian Era — • The way in which land has been held or owned during the nineteen hundred years which have seen in Europe the rise and establishment of the Church is a matter for historical inquiry. Strictly speaking, the way in which such ownership or tenure… …
43ECONOMIC HISTORY — This article is arranged according to the following outline: first temple period exile and restoration second temple period talmudic era muslim middle ages medieval christendom economic doctrines early modern period sephardim and ashkenazim… …
44WOMAN — This article is arranged according to the following outline: the historical perspective biblical period marriage and children women in household life economic roles educational and managerial roles religious roles women outside the household… …
45INSURANCE — Halakahic Aspect Insurance activity may well serve as a model for the economic activities of the Jewish merchant throughout the ages. Hundreds of sources dealing with insurance for transport and fire are found in the halakhic literature,… …
46Market — For other uses, see Market (disambiguation). San Juan de Dios Market in Guadalajara, Jalisco …
47David Birney — For the American Civil War general, see David B. Birney David Birney Born David Edwin Birney April 23, 1939 (1939 04 23) (age 72) Washington, D.C. Occupation Actor, Writer, Director Producer Years active …
48Arab slave trade — For the relation between the Islamic religion and the institution of slavery, see Islamic views on slavery. Part of a series on Slavery …
49ACQUISITION — (Heb. קִנְיָן; kinyan) the act whereby a person voluntarily obtains legal rights. In Jewish law almost all kinds of rights, whether proprietary (jus in rem) or contractual (jus in personam; see obligations ), can be voluntarily acquired only by… …
50Insurance — This article is about risk management. For Insurance (blackjack), see Blackjack. For Insurance run (baseball), see Insurance run. In law and economics, insurance is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a… …
