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101Locke: knowledge and its limits — Ian Tipton I That John Locke’s Essay concerning Human Understanding is one of the philosophical classics is something nobody would deny, yet it is not easy to pinpoint precisely what is so special about it. Locke himself has been described as the …
102presuppose — presuppose, presume, assume, postulate, premise, posit are comparable when they mean to take something for granted or as true or existent especially as a basis for action or reasoning. Their corresponding nouns presupposition, presumption,… …
103Propositional calculus — In mathematical logic, a propositional calculus or logic (also called sentential calculus or sentential logic) is a formal system in which formulas of a formal language may be interpreted as representing propositions. A system of inference rules… …
104Monopoly — This article is about the economic term. For the board game, see Monopoly (game). For other uses, see Monopoly (disambiguation). Competition law Basic concepts …
105Rice's theorem — In computer science, Rice s theorem named after Henry Gordon Rice (also known as The Rice Myhill Shapiro theorem after Rice and John Myhill) states that, for any non trivial property of partial functions, there exists at least one algorithm for… …
106Bayes' theorem — In probability theory, Bayes theorem (often called Bayes law after Thomas Bayes) relates the conditional and marginal probabilities of two random events. It is often used to compute posterior probabilities given observations. For example, a… …
107Phillips curve — The Phillips curve is a historical inverse relation between the rate of unemployment and the rate of inflation in an economy. Stated simply, the lower the unemployment in an economy, the higher the rate of increase in wages paid to labor in that… …
108Calculus of variations — is a field of mathematics that deals with extremizing functionals, as opposed to ordinary calculus which deals with functions. A functional is usually a mapping from a set of functions to the real numbers. Functionals are often formed as definite …
109Relational algebra — Not to be confused with Relation algebra. Relational algebra, an offshoot of first order logic (and of algebra of sets), deals with a set of finitary relations (see also relation (database)) that is closed under certain operators. These operators …
110Tuple relational calculus — The tuple calculus is a calculus that was introduced by Edgar F. Codd as part of the relational model in order to give a declarative database query language for this data model. It formed the inspiration for the database query languages QUEL and… …
