approximation theory
21Diophantine approximation — In number theory, the field of Diophantine approximation, named after Diophantus of Alexandria, deals with the approximation of real numbers by rational numbers. The absolute value of the difference between the real number to be approximated and… …
22Polymer field theory — A polymer field theory within the framework of statistical mechanics is a statistical field theory, describing the statistical behavior of a neutral or charged polymer system within the field theoretic approach.It can be derived by transforming… …
23Dynamical mean field theory — (DMFT) is a method to determine the electronic structure of strongly correlated materials. In such materials, the approximation of independent electrons, which is used in Density Functional Theory and usual band structure calculations, breaks… …
24Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics) — In quantum mechanics, perturbation theory is a set of approximation schemes directly related to mathematical perturbation for describing a complicated quantum system in terms of a simpler one. The idea is to start with a simple system for which a …
25Radiative transfer equation and diffusion theory for photon transport in biological tissue — Photon transport in biological tissue can be equivalently modeled numerically with Monte Carlo simulations or analytically by the radiative transfer equation (RTE). However, the RTE is difficult to solve without introducing approximations. A… …
26Mean field theory — (MFT, also known as self consistent field theory) is a method to analyse physical systems with multiple bodies. A many body system with interactions is generally very difficult to solve exactly, except for extremely simple cases (random field… …
27Muffin-tin approximation — Electronic structure methods Tight binding Nearly free electron model Hartree–Fock method Modern valence bond Generalized valence bond Møller–Plesset perturbation theory …
28Independent set (graph theory) — The nine blue vertices form a maximum independent set for the Generalized Petersen graph GP(12,4). In graph theory, an independent set or stable set is a set of vertices in a graph, no two of which are adjacent. That is, it is a set I of vertices …
29Domain theory — is a branch of mathematics that studies special kinds of partially ordered sets (posets) commonly called domains. Consequently, domain theory can be considered as a branch of order theory. The field has major applications in computer science,… …
30Transcendence theory — In mathematics, transcendence theory is a branch of number theory that investigates transcendental numbers, in both qualitative and quantitative ways.TranscendenceThe fundamental theorem of algebra tells us that if we have a non zero polynomial… …
