approximate sampling
31Normal distribution — This article is about the univariate normal distribution. For normally distributed vectors, see Multivariate normal distribution. Probability density function The red line is the standard normal distribution Cumulative distribution function …
32Doomsday argument — World population from 10,000 BC to AD 2000 The Doomsday argument (DA) is a probabilistic argument that claims to predict the number of future members of the human species given only an estimate of the total number of humans born so far. Simply… …
33Particle filter — Particle filters, also known as sequential Monte Carlo methods (SMC), are sophisticated model estimation techniques based on simulation. They are usually used to estimate Bayesian models and are the sequential ( on line ) analogue of Markov chain …
34Sample size — The sample size of a statistical sample is the number of observations that constitute it. It is typically denoted n , a positive integer (natural number).Typically, all else being equal, a larger sample size leads to increased precision in… …
35Nearest neighbor search — (NNS), also known as proximity search, similarity search or closest point search, is an optimization problem for finding closest points in metric spaces. The problem is: given a set S of points in a metric space M and a query point… …
36Dirac delta function — Schematic representation of the Dirac delta function by a line surmounted by an arrow. The height of the arrow is usually used to specify the value of any multiplicative constant, which will give the area under the function. The other convention… …
37Odds ratio — The odds ratio [1][2][3] is a measure of effect size, describing the strength of association or non independence between two binary data values. It is used as a descriptive statistic, and plays an important role in logistic regression. Unlike… …
38Resampling (statistics) — In statistics, resampling is any of a variety of methods for doing one of the following: # Estimating the precision of sample statistics (medians, variances, percentiles) by using subsets of available data (jackknife) or drawing randomly with… …
39Cross-entropy method — The cross entropy (CE) method attributed to Reuven Rubinstein is a general Monte Carlo approach to combinatorial and continuous multi extremal optimization and importance sampling. The method originated from the field of rare event simulation,… …
40Implicit solvation — (sometimes known as continuum solvation) is a method of representing solvent as a continuous medium instead of individual “explicit” solvent molecules most often used in molecular dynamics simulations and in other applications of molecular… …
