aperture illumination efficiency
21Microlens — A microlens is a small lens, generally with a diameter less than a millimetre (mm) and often as small as 10 micrometres (µm). The small sizes of the lenses means that a simple design can give good optical quality but sometimes unwanted effects… …
22radar — /ray dahr/, n. 1. Electronics. a device for determining the presence and location of an object by measuring the time for the echo of a radio wave to return from it and the direction from which it returns. 2. a means or sense of awareness or… …
23Optical tweezers — (originally called single beam gradient force trap ) are scientific instruments that use a highly focused laser beam to provide an attractive or repulsive force (typically on the order of piconewtons), depending on the refractive index mismatch… …
24Laser beam profiler — A laser beam profiler captures, displays, and records the spatial intensity profile of a laser beam at a particular plane transverse to the beam propagation path. Since there are many types of lasers ultraviolet, visible, infrared, continuous… …
25Concentrated photovoltaics — Concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) technology uses optics such as lenses to concentrate a large amount of sunlight onto a small area of solar photovoltaic materials to generate electricity. Unlike traditional, more conventional flat panel systems,… …
26Daylighting — For the restoration of culverted streams to above ground channels, see Daylighting (streams). For a similar operation with transportation tunnels, see Daylighting (tunnels). A skylight providing internal illumination Daylighting is the practice… …
27Fresnel lens — A Fresnel lens (pronounced [ frɛz.nəl] or [freɪ nɛl] ) is a type of lens invented by French physicist Augustin Jean Fresnel. Originally developed for lighthouses, the design enables the construction of lenses of large aperture and short focal… …
28Stage lighting — Modern stage lighting is a flexible tool in the production of theatre, dance, opera and other performance arts. Several different types of stage lighting instruments are used in the pursuit of the various principles or goals of lighting.… …
29Ellipsoidal reflector spotlight — (abbreviated to ERS, or colloquially ellipsoidal) is the name for a type of stage lighting instrument, named for the ellipsoidal reflector used to intensify the light of a back loading lamp through the barrel and lens. Ellipsoidals may also be… …
30Coherent diffraction imaging — A diffraction pattern of a gold nanocrystal formed from using a nano area beam of coherent X rays. This reciprocal space diffraction image was taken by Ian Robinson s Group to be used in the reconstruction of a real space coherent x ray… …
