an error propagates
31Wave plate — A half wave plate. Linearly polarized light entering a wave plate can be resolved into two waves, parallel (shown as green) and perpendicular (blue) to the optical axis of the wave plate. In the plate, the parallel wave propagates slightly slower …
32Line-of-sight propagation — refers to electro magnetic radiation including light emissions traveling in a straight line. The rays or waves are diffracted, refracted, reflected, or absorbed by atmosphere and obstructions with material and generally cannot travel over the… …
33Phonon — For KDE Software Compilation 4 s multimedia framework, see Phonon (KDE). Normal modes of vibration progression through a crystal. The amplitude of the motion has been exaggerated for ease of viewing; in an actual crystal, it is typically much… …
34Magnetic circular dichroism — (MCD) is the differential absorption of left and right circularly polarized (LCP and RCP) light, induced in a sample by a strong magnetic field oriented parallel to the direction of light propagation. MCD measurements can detect transitions which …
35Orthogonality — The line segments AB and CD are orthogonal to each other. Orthogonality occurs when two things can vary independently, they are uncorrelated, or they are perpendicular. Contents 1 Mathematics …
36Nonlinear dimensionality reduction — High dimensional data, meaning data that requires more than two or three dimensions to represent, can be difficult to interpret. One approach to simplification is to assume that the data of interest lies on an embedded non linear manifold within… …
37Artificial neuron — An artificial neuron is a mathematical function conceived as a crude model, or abstraction of biological neurons. Artificial neurons are the constitutive units in an artificial neural network. Depending on the specific model used, it can receive… …
38E-mail spam — E mail spam, also known as bulk e mail or junk e mail, is a subset of spam that involves nearly identical messages sent to numerous recipients by e mail. A common synonym for spam is unsolicited bulk e mail (UBE). Definitions of spam usually… …
39Message Transfer Part — SS7 protocol suite OSI layer SS7 protocols Application INAP, MAP, IS 41... TCAP, CAP, ISUP, ... Network MTP Level 3 + SCCP Data link MTP …
40Resource Acquisition Is Initialization — Resource Acquisition Is Initialization, often referred to by the acronym RAII, is a popular design pattern in many object oriented languages like C++, D and Ada. The technique, invented by Bjarne Stroustrupcite book title = The Design and… …
