alpha-particle detector
21Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy — Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) is an analytical technique used in materials science. Sometimes referred to as high energy ion scattering (HEIS) spectrometry, RBS is used to determine the structure and composition of materials by… …
22Physical Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Scientists discovered a new family of superconducting materials and obtained unique images of individual hydrogen atoms and of a multiple exoplanet system. Europe completed the Large Hadron Collider, and China and India took… …
23Mathematics and Physical Sciences — ▪ 2003 Introduction Mathematics Mathematics in 2002 was marked by two discoveries in number theory. The first may have practical implications; the second satisfied a 150 year old curiosity. Computer scientist Manindra Agrawal of the… …
24Microbeam — A microbeam is a narrow beam of radiation, of micrometer or sub micrometer dimensions. Together with integrated imaging techniques, microbeams allow precisely defined quantities of damage to be introduced at precisely defined locations. Thus, the …
25Geiger counter — Infobox Laboratory equipment name = Geiger counter caption = A modern geiger counter acronym = other names = Geiger Müller counter uses = Particle detector inventor = Hans Geiger manufacturer = model = related = Geiger Müller tubeA Geiger counter …
26Ionizing radiation — consists of highly energetic particles or waves that can detach (ionize) at least one electron from an atom or molecule. Ionizing ability depends on the energy of the impinging individual particles or waves, and not on their number. A large flood …
27Ionization chamber — An ionization chamber is a device used for two major purposes: detecting particles in air (as in a smoke detector), and for detection or measurement of ionizing radiation. An ionization chamber is an instrument constructed to measure the number… …
28Rutherford, Ernest, Baron Rutherford of Nelson, of Cambridge — ▪ British physicist Introduction born Aug. 30, 1871, Spring Grove, N.Z. died Oct. 19, 1937, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, Eng. New Zealand born British physicist considered the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday (Faraday, Michael)… …
29Mars Science Laboratory — mission 2011 concept artwork Operator NASA Major contractors Boeing Lockheed Martin …
30Renninger negative-result experiment — In quantum mechanics, the Renninger negative result experiment is a thought experiment that illustrates some of the difficulties of understanding the nature of wave function collapse and measurement in quantum mechanics. The statement is that a… …
