allocation problem
21Free rider problem — For the article about when a brokerage client purchases shares beyond his or her means, see free riding. In economics, collective bargaining, psychology, and political science, a free rider (or freeloader) is someone who consumes a resource… …
22operations research — the analysis, usually involving mathematical treatment, of a process, problem, or operation to determine its purpose and effectiveness and to gain maximum efficiency. [1940 45, Amer.] * * * Application of scientific methods to management and… …
23Ant colony optimization algorithms — Ant behavior was the inspiration for the metaheuristic optimization technique. In computer science and operations research, the ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) is a probabilistic technique for solving computational problems which can be… …
24List of NP-complete problems — Here are some of the more commonly known problems that are NP complete when expressed as decision problems. This list is in no way comprehensive (there are more than 3000 known NP complete problems). Most of the problems in this list are taken… …
25Selfish Brain Theory — The “Selfish Brain” theory describes the characteristic of the human brain to cover its own, comparably high energy requirements with the utmost of priorities when regulating energy fluxes in the organism. The brain behaves selfishly in this… …
26Cross-entropy method — The cross entropy (CE) method attributed to Reuven Rubinstein is a general Monte Carlo approach to combinatorial and continuous multi extremal optimization and importance sampling. The method originated from the field of rare event simulation,… …
27Market engineering — comprises the structured, systematic and theoretically founded procedure of analyzing, designing, introducing and also quality assuring of electronic market platforms as well as their legal framework regarding simultaneously their market… …
28Position-independent code — In computing, position independent code (PIC) or position independent executable (PIE) is machine instruction code that executes properly regardless of where in memory it resides. PIC is commonly used for shared libraries, so that the same… …
29Routing in delay tolerant networking — concerns itself with theability to transport, or route, data from a source to adestination is a fundamental ability all communication networks musthave. Delay and disruption tolerant networks(DTNs), arecharacterized by their lack of connectivity …
30Claus Offe — Professor Claus Offe (born March 16, 1940 in Berlin)[1] is a political sociologist of Marxist orientation. Once a student of Jürgen Habermas, the left leaning German academic is counted among the second generation Frankfurt School. He currently… …
