algebraic extension
111Weil restriction — In mathematics, restriction of scalars (also known as Weil restriction ) is a functor which, for any finite extension of fields L/k and any algebraic variety X over L , produces another variety Res L / k X , defined over k . It is useful for… …
112Discriminant — In algebra, the discriminant of a polynomial is an expression which gives information about the nature of the polynomial s roots. For example, the discriminant of the quadratic polynomial is Here, if Δ > 0, the polynomial has two real roots,… …
113Laws of Form — (hereinafter LoF ) is a book by G. Spencer Brown, published in 1969, that straddles the boundary between mathematics and of philosophy. LoF describes three distinct logical systems: * The primary arithmetic (described in Chapter 4), whose models… …
114Homotopy — This article is about topology. For chemistry, see Homotopic groups. The two dashed paths shown above are homotopic relative to their endpoints. The animation represents one possible homotopy. In topology, two continuous functions from one… …
115Schur multiplier — In mathematical group theory, the Schur multiplier or Schur multiplicator is the second homology group of a group G. It was introduced by Issai Schur (1904) in his work on projective representations. Contents 1 Examples and properties 2 Re …
116Cubic field — In mathematics, specifically the area of algebraic number theory, a cubic field is an algebraic number field of degree three. Contents 1 Definition 2 Examples 3 Galois closure 4 …
117Class field theory — In mathematics, class field theory is a major branch of algebraic number theory that studies abelian extensions of number fields. Most of the central results in this area were proved in the period between 1900 and 1950. The theory takes its name… …
118Problem of Apollonius — In Euclidean plane geometry, Apollonius problem is to construct circles that are tangent to three given circles in a plane (Figure 1); two circles are tangent if they touch at a single point. Apollonius of Perga (ca. 262 BC ndash; ca. 190 BC)… …
119Crystalline cohomology — In mathematics, crystalline cohomology is a Weil cohomology theory for schemes introduced by Alexander Grothendieck (1966, 1968) and developed by Pierre Berthelot (1974). Its values are modules over rings of Witt vectors over the base… …
120Hyperreal number — *R redirects here. For R*, see Rockstar Games. The system of hyperreal numbers represents a rigorous method of treating the infinite and infinitesimal quantities. The hyperreals, or nonstandard reals, *R, are an extension of the real numbers R… …
