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  • 81Djibouti — <p></p> <p></p> Introduction ::Djibouti <p></p> Background: <p></p> The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. Hassan Gouled APTIDON installed an authoritarian one… …

    The World Factbook

  • 82Egypt — <p></p> <p></p> Introduction ::Egypt <p></p> Background: <p></p> The regularity and richness of the annual Nile River flood, coupled with semi isolation provided by deserts to the east and west,… …

    The World Factbook

  • 83Iraq — <p></p> <p></p> Introduction ::Iraq <p></p> Background: <p></p> Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq was occupied by Britain during the course of World War I; in 1920, it was declared a League… …

    The World Factbook

  • 84Jordan — <p></p> <p></p> Introduction ::Jordan <p></p> Background: <p></p> Following World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the League of Nations awarded Britain the mandate to govern much of …

    The World Factbook

  • 85Kuwait — <p></p> <p></p> Introduction ::Kuwait <p></p> Background: <p></p> Britain oversaw foreign relations and defense for the ruling Kuwaiti AL SABAH dynasty from 1899 until independence in 1961. Kuwait… …

    The World Factbook

  • 86Lebanon — <p></p> <p></p> Introduction ::Lebanon <p></p> Background: <p></p> Following World War I, France acquired a mandate over the northern portion of the former Ottoman Empire province of Syria. The… …

    The World Factbook

  • 87Libya — <p></p> <p></p> Introduction ::Libya <p></p> Background: <p></p> The Italians supplanted the Ottoman Turks in the area around Tripoli in 1911 and did not relinquish their hold until 1943 when… …

    The World Factbook

  • 88Mauritania — <p></p> <p></p> Introduction ::Mauritania <p></p> Background: <p></p> Independent from France in 1960, Mauritania annexed the southern third of the former Spanish Sahara (now Western Sahara) in 1976 …

    The World Factbook

  • 89Morocco — <p></p> <p></p> Introduction ::Morocco <p></p> Background: <p></p> In 788, about a century after the Arab conquest of North Africa, a series of Moroccan Muslim dynasties began to rule in Morocco. In …

    The World Factbook

  • 90Oman — <p></p> <p></p> Introduction ::Oman <p></p> Background: <p></p> The inhabitants of the area of Oman have long prospered on Indian Ocean trade. In the late 18th century, a newly established sultanate …

    The World Factbook