(interatomic)
101Molecular replacement — Molecular replacement[1] (or MR) is a method of solving the phase problem in X ray crystallography. MR relies upon the existence of a previously solved protein structure which is homologous (similar) to our unknown structure from which the… …
102Variable range hopping — IntroductionVariable range hopping or Mott variable range hopping, is a model describing low temperature conduction in strongly disordered systems with localized states. [Mott, N.F., Phil. Mag. ,19,835,1969] It has a characteristic temperature… …
103Peierls Stress — is the force (first discovered by Rudolph Peierls and modified by Frank Nabarro) needed to move a dislocation within a plane of atoms in the unit cell. The magnitude varies periodically as the dislocation moves within the plane. Peierls stress… …
104Burgers vector — The Burgers vector, often denoted by b, is a vector that represents the magnitude and direction of the lattice distortion of dislocation in a crystal lattice. [Callister, William D. Jr. Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering. John… …
105Diffusionless transformations — are a class of phase changes that do not occur by the long range diffusion of atoms but rather by some form of cooperative, homogeneous movement of many atoms that results in a change in crystal structure. These movements are small, usually less… …
106Materials Simulation Laboratory (MSL) — The Materials Simulation Laboratory of the Department of Physics, University of South Florida, (MSL) was established in 2002 by Prof. Ivan Oleynik of that University. The MSL is dedicated to solving challenging problems in condensed matter and… …
107Strengthening mechanisms of materials — Methods have been devised to modify the yield strength, ductility, and toughness of both crystalline and amorphous materials. These strengthening mechanisms give engineers the ability to tailor the mechanical properties of materials to suit a… …
108Surface phonon — Phonons are collective lattice vibration modes, and surface phonons are those particular modes associated with surfaces; they are an artifact of periodicity, symmetry, and the termination of bulk crystal structure associated with the surface… …
109P. N. Keating — Dr. Patrick N. Keating is a theoretical physicist who has contributed to several fields of solid state physics, including semiconductors, semi insulators and the basic properties of solid materials, and to other fields including optics, liquid… …
110Reactive empirical bond order — The reactive empirical bond order (REBO) model is a widely used function for calculating the potential energy of covalent bonds and the interatomic force. In this model, the total potential energy of system is a sum of nearest neighbour pair… …
