(by estimating)
71Power law — A power law is any polynomial relationship that exhibits the property of scale invariance. The most common power laws relate two variables and have the form:f(x) = ax^k! +o(x^k),where a and k are constants, and o(x^k) is of x. Here, k is… …
72Quantile — Quantiles are points taken at regular intervals from the cumulative distribution function of a random variable. Dividing ordered data into q essentially equal sized data subsets is the motivation for q quantiles; the quantiles are the data values …
73Likelihood function — In statistics, a likelihood function (often simply the likelihood) is a function of the parameters of a statistical model, defined as follows: the likelihood of a set of parameter values given some observed outcomes is equal to the probability of …
74Horse teeth — Horses teeth are often used to estimate the animal s age, hence the sayings long in the tooth and Don t look a gift horse in the mouth . Types of teeth At five years of age a horse has between 36 and 44 teeth. All horses have* Twelve premolars… …
75Student's t-distribution — Probability distribution name =Student s t type =density pdf cdf parameters = u > 0 degrees of freedom (real) support =x in ( infty; +infty)! pdf =frac{Gamma(frac{ u+1}{2})} {sqrt{ upi},Gamma(frac{ u}{2})} left(1+frac{x^2}{ u} ight)^{ (frac{… …
76Chi-square distribution — Probability distribution name =chi square type =density pdf cdf parameters =k > 0, degrees of freedom support =x in [0; +infty), pdf =frac{(1/2)^{k/2{Gamma(k/2)} x^{k/2 1} e^{ x/2}, cdf =frac{gamma(k/2,x/2)}{Gamma(k/2)}, mean =k, median… …
77Hardware random number generator — This SSL Accelerator computer card uses a hardware random number generator to generate cryptographic keys to encrypt data sent over computer networks. In computing, a hardware random number generator is an apparatus that generates random numbers… …
78Kalman filter — Roles of the variables in the Kalman filter. (Larger image here) In statistics, the Kalman filter is a mathematical method named after Rudolf E. Kálmán. Its purpose is to use measurements observed over time, containing noise (random variations)… …
79Primary production — For other uses, see Primary production (economics). Global oceanic and terrestrial photoautotroph abundance, from September 1997 to August 2000. As an estimate of autotroph biomass, it is only a rough indicator of primary production potential,… …
80Space debris — populations seen from outside geosynchronous orbit (GEO). Note the two primary debris fields, the ring of objects in GEO, and the cloud of objects in low earth orbit (LEO) …
