Saxe-Gotha

Saxe-Gotha
Duchy of Saxe-Gotha
Herzogtum Sachsen-Gotha
State of the Holy Roman Empire
Armoiries Saxe.svg
1640–1680
Flag Coat of arms
Thuringia, showing the combined territory of Saxe-Gotha and Saxe-Altenburg from 1672, before it was again divided in 1680
Capital Gotha
Government Principality
Historical era Early modern Europe
 - Partitioned from
    Saxe-Weimar
1640
 - Acquired half of
    Saxe-Eisenach
 
1644
 - Acquired major part of
    Saxe-Altenburg
 
1672
 - Partitioned in seven 1680
Preceded by Succeeded by
Armoiries Saxe.svg Saxe-Weimar
Saxe-Coburg Image missing
Saxe-Eisenberg Image missing
Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg Image missing
Saxe-Hildburghausen Image missing
Saxe-Meiningen Image missing
Saxe-Römhild Image missing
Saxe-Saalfeld Image missing

Saxe-Gotha (German: Sachsen-Gotha) was one of the Saxon duchies held by the Ernestine of the Wettin dynasty in the former Landgraviate of Thuringia. The ducal residence was erected at Gotha.

Gotha: Friedenstein Palace

It was established in 1640, when Duke Wilhelm von Saxe-Weimar created a subdivision for his younger brother Ernest I the Pious. Duke Ernest took his residence at Gotha, where he had the Friedenstein Palace built between 1643 and 1654. At the same time, the Duchy of Saxe-Eisenach was created for the third brother Albert IV.

Nevertheless Albert died in 1644, and Ernest inherited large parts of his duchy, though not the core territory around the residence at Eisenach and the Wartburg, which fell to his elder brother Wilhelm of Saxe-Weimar. Ernest could also incorporate several remaining estates of the extinct House of Henneberg in 1660, which had been vacant since 1583. Finally in 1672 he received the major part of Saxe-Altenburg through his wife Elisabeth Sophie, after Altenburg's last duke Frederick William III had died without heirs. Ernest would then be called Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.

When Ernest died in 1675, he left his seven sons a significantly enlarged territory. The eldest, Frederick I at first ruled jointly with his brothers until in 1680 the duchy was divided. The area around Gotha and also Altenburg passed to Frederick I, who retained the title of a Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. For later history of the duchy, see Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.

Dukes of Saxe-Gotha

When the house of Saxe-Gotha and Altenburg became extinct in 1825, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg was split. Saxe-Gotha passed to the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld who in turn gave Saalfeld to Saxe-Meiningen. The Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen received Saxe-Altenburg, and gave the district of Hildburghausen to Saxe-Meiningen.

After the abolition of German monarchies at the end of the First World War it became a part of the newly created state of Thuringia in 1920.

References

See also


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  • Saxe-Gotha — La Saxe Gotha est un ancien duché saxon, constituée en 1640 en faveur d Ernest Ier de Saxe Gotha (1640 1675), frère cadet de Guillaume Ier de Saxe Weimar et d Albert de Saxe Eisenach. Accrue de la Saxe Cobourg (1641) et de la Saxe Altenbourg… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Saxe-gotha — La Saxe Gotha est un ancien duché saxon, constituée en 1640 en faveur d Ernest Ier de Saxe Gotha (1640 1675), frère cadet de Guillaume Ier de Saxe Weimar et d Albert de Saxe Eisenach. Accrue de la Saxe Cobourg (1641) et de la Saxe Altenbourg… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Saxe-Gotha-Altenbourg — Saxe Gotha La Saxe Gotha est un ancien duché saxon, constituée en 1640 en faveur d Ernest Ier de Saxe Gotha (1640 1675), frère cadet de Guillaume Ier de Saxe Weimar et d Albert de Saxe Eisenach. Accrue de la Saxe Cobourg (1641) et de la Saxe… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg — Duchy of Saxe Gotha Altenburg Herzogtum Sachsen Gotha Altenburg State of the Holy Roman Empire, State of the Confederation of the Rhine, State of the German Confederation …   Wikipedia

  • Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg — (b. Gotha, 30 January 1745 d. Gotha, 20 April 1804), was ruler of the German principality of Saxe Gotha Altenburg.He was the third but second surviving son of Frederick III, Duke of Saxe Gotha Altenburg and Luise Dorothea of Saxe Meiningen. The… …   Wikipedia

  • Dorothea Marie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg — Not to be confused with Dorothea Maria of Saxe Gotha Altenburg. Dorothea Marie of Saxe Gotha Altenburg Duchess of Saxe Meiningen Tenure 1706–1713 Spouse Ernst Ludwig I, Duke of Saxe Meiningen Issue Joseph Bernhard, Hereditary Prince of Saxe… …   Wikipedia

  • Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg — (b. Gotha, 28 July 1676 d. Altenburg, 23 March 1732), was a duke of Saxe Gotha Altenburg. He was the fifth child and first son of Frederick I, Duke of Saxe Gotha Altenburg and Magdalene Sibylle of Saxe Weissenfels.After the death of his father,… …   Wikipedia

  • Ernest Ier De Saxe-Gotha — Ernest Ier de Saxe Gotha. Ernest Ier de Saxe Gotha dit « le Pieux », (né le 25 décembre 1601 à Altenbourg, mort le 26  …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Ernest Ier de Saxe-Gotha — Ernest Ier de Saxe Gotha. Ernest Ier de Saxe Gotha dit « le Pieux », (né le 25 décembre 1601 à Altenbourg, mort le 26 mars 1675 à Gotha), fut duc de Saxe Gotha de 1640 à 1675 et …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Ernest ier de saxe-gotha — Ernest Ier de Saxe Gotha. Ernest Ier de Saxe Gotha dit « le Pieux », (né le 25 décembre 1601 à Altenbourg, mort le 26  …   Wikipédia en Français

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